19 Autophagy related metals in IDH1 mutant glioma: Chloroquine and TMZ as a potential novel strategy to treat IDH1 mt gliomas
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Glioblastoma is considered among the most aggressive cancers, dismal prognosis and overall survival is only 14 months, 80% of primary low grade gliomas and seccondary GBMs that progress from low grade to grade II or III WHO classification have isocitrate dehydrogenase, (IDH1) or IDH2, mutations [1]. IDH1 mutant glioma is characterized by impaired glycolysis activity resulting in an abnormal production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) [2] resulting in an undifferentiated phenotype with permanent hyper-methylation status and enhanced proliferation and invasion[3]. Interestingly, the IDH1 mutant phenotype of U87MG glioma cells shows resistance to autophagy induced cell death even in starving and low oxygen conditions [4]. Recent evidence has demonstrated increased autophagy activity on IDH1 mt cytotoxic activity when cells are exposed to autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine [5]. To this date it remains elusive whether increased autophagy phenotype is the result of IDH1 mutation or if it either represents a secondary co-existing condition in the setting of the IDH1 mutation. Autophagy is also a mechanism of detoxification induced by chronic heavy metal exposure in both normal and cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that autophagy activity in IDH1 mt glioma is partially induced by chronic heavy metal exposure, leading to increased cell survival and abnormal DNA repair. Our approach included characterization and quantification of metal content on IDH1 mt glioma cell lines and tissues, in addition to correlation analyses of the celullar metallome with autophagy markers, ROS and DNA repair of IDH1 mt glioma cells allowed us to explore targets responsible for cell survival and DNA repair response. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential therapeutic value of Chloroquine (CQ) and bafylomicin for IDH1 mutant gliomas targeting autophagy pathway in combination with TMZ and radiation. We demonstrated that 2-HG induces autophagy activity via LC3B activation, and autophagy inhibiton by beclin gene silencing results in a reduction of 2-HG leading to cell starvation and apoptosis. Remarkably, we observed a positive correlation on at least six different metals with autophagy induced LC3B and beclin1 expression that significantly differed between the mutant and the wt genotype in glioma cell lines. ROS and DNA repair were also positively associated with at least 6 different metals and only seen in the IDH1 mt cell lines, then suggesting a possible explanation for the increase on autophagy, analysis of both LC3B and beclin 1 expression demonstrated a positive correlation with Mo98, Fe54, and Zn 66 on IDH1 mt cell lines and a positively correlation with Mo98 and V concentrations in relation to H2AX expression. Co, SeO Mo, V and Mg were positively correlated to ROS expression. TMZ and CQ induced autophagy pathway activation as measured by LC3B, Beclin, Atg expression. Silencing beclin in IDH1 mutant glioma cell lines induced apoptosis and reduction on 2-HG production after treatment with TMZ and radiation. Overall the results contained in this study 1) identify cellular metal content in relationship to mechanisms leading to increased autophagy on IDH1 mt glioma cells. 2) evaluate the combination of CQ and TMZ to potentially target and inhibit autophagy as a mechanism downstream the 2-HG production in IDH1 mt glioma cells.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».