Tritium deposition in precipitation in the United States, 1953–2012
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
First posted August 1, 2018 For additional information, contact: Director,California Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey6000 J Street, Placer HallSacramento, California 95819 Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen (half-life is equal to 12.32 years). Since it is part of the water molecule, tritium can be used to track and date groundwater and surface water when the history of tritium in precipitation and recharge is known. To facilitate that effort, tritium concentrations in precipitation were reconstructed from measurements and correlations for 10 precipitation stations in the continental United States. Using these data, and other data sets and correlations, estimates of tritium concentrations in precipitation from 1953 through 2012 and total tritium deposition from 1953 through 1983 were derived for 2 degrees latitude by 5 degrees longitude quadrangles of the continental United States. For August 1953 through December 1987 correlations were derived from the data of the Ottawa, Canada, station; for estimates after 1987, the Vienna, Austria, station was used. For quadrangles where no precipitation station records are available from measurements or correlations, concentrations were interpolated. The International Atomic Energy Agency has proposed that a correlation with the Vienna, Austria, station, which has been in operation since 1960, be used instead of the Ottawa, Canada, station for the period after 1987. Linear correlations calculated for all stations with the Vienna data are reported. Correlations also have been calculated for each latitude-longitude quadrangle using the estimated concentrations and the measured Vienna data for 1960–87. Because the Vienna, Austria, station is on a different continent, and not subject to the same seasonal weather patterns that affect North American stations, a correlation was obtained for each month individually. This reflects the fact that the North American stations were strongly affected by the input of low-tritium moisture from the south during the summer. The correlated station values were then used with measured Vienna data to obtain estimates of tritium concentrations in precipitation for the period 1988–2012 at each precipitation station and latitude-longitude quadrangles. This approach has two major advantages: (1) it blends the Ottawa correlation with the Vienna correlation to cover the period 1953 to present, and (2) it yields correlation coefficients for each quadrangle that can be used in future years when more data become available from the Vienna, Austria, station. The data, the estimated tritium concentrations derived from the correlations, and the correlation coefficients are provided as spreadsheets and associated comma delimited files in a data release that accompanies this report.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle