Influence of fatigue on sprint acceleration mechanics: is there a connection with hamstring injury?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction The relationship between hamstring injury and their capacity to produce a force are no longer to demonstrate: decreased ability to produce strength after muscle injury [1], increased risk of injury in case of weakness and/or isokinetic imbalance [2-4], eccentric strength weakness increasing the risk of muscle damage [5-7],… Several studies have also highlighted the fact that fatigue induced by sports activities would increase the risk of hamstring injuries [8, 9]. During a sprint, the ability to orient the forces horizontally, telltale of the effectiveness of the foot strikes [10], is related to the force production capacity of the hamstrings [11]. Moreover, two studies, a case report [12] and a preliminary study [13], seem to indicate that an alteration in horizontal force production during sprint occurs before and after hamstring injury. Is a progressive induction of fatigue lead to a decrease in the athlete's ability to produce horizontally oriented forces during a sprint and in this case could increase the risk of injury? Methods Seven amateur soccer player (22.7 ± 1.3 years, 179.3 ± 5.5 cm, 75.4 ± 4.6 kg) realized the Soccer-specific Aerobic Field Test (SAFT90) [9, 14] with three maximal 50m sprints before, one every each 15 minutes during and three after the protocol. The force- and power-velocity relationships and mechanical effectiveness of force application during sprint running are calculated from anthropometric and spatio-temporal data acquired with a Stalker ATS II radar [15]. Results The Repeated Measures ANOVA reveals a significant (p < 0.001) time dependent decrease in theoretical maximal velocity (v0) (-11.0%), in maximal velocity reached at the end of the acceleration (vHmax) (-10.2%) and in ratio of the net horizontal force (RF0) (-10.5%). Conversely, there's no time dependent modification in theoretical maximal force (F0) (-9.8%), in acceleration time constant (τ) (-18.2%) and in resultant ground reaction forces (GRF) (-3.3%). Discussion Our results, time dependent decrease in RF0, revealed that the fatigue, induced by SAFT90, impacts particularly the hip extensors since at the same time the GRF, resultant ground reaction forces, isn't significantly reduced by the induction of fatigue. Based on previous studies [12, 13], these findings about decreased strength production capacity of hamstring refine our knowledge of the relationships between exhaustion, decreased performance and increased predisposition to hamstring strain injury as the soccer game progresses. Indeed, this is the first time, at our knowledge, that the strength production capabilities of hip extensors are measured accurately during the sprint, the pattern responsible for the greatest number of hamstring injuries in football [16]. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the Wallonia-Brussels Federation for their assistance in this study. References 1. Maniar, N., et al., Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016. 2. Croisier, J.L., et al., Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. Am J Sports Med, 2008. 36(8): p. 1469-75. 3. van Dyk, N., et al., Hamstring and quadriceps isokinetic strength deficits are weak risk factors for hamstring strain injuries: A 4-year cohort study. Am J Sports Med, 2016. 44(7): p. 1789-95. 4. Yeung, S.S., A.M. Suen, and E.W. Yeung, A prospective cohort study of hamstring injuries in competitive sprinters: Preseason muscle imbalance as a possible risk factor. Br J Sports Med, 2009. 43(8): p. 589-94. 5. Bourne, M.N., et al., Eccentric knee flexor strength and risk of hamstring injuries in rugby union: A prospective study. Am J Sports Med, 2015. 43(11): p. 2663-70. 6. Opar, D.A., et al., Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2015. 47(4): p. 857-65. 7. Timmins, R.G., et al., Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): A prospective cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015. 8. Greig, M. and J.C. Siegler, Soccer-specific fatigue and eccentric hamstrings muscle strength. Journal of Athletic Training, 2009. 44(2): p. 180-184. 9. Small, K., et al., Soccer fatigue, sprinting and hamstring injury risk. Int J Sports Med, 2009. 30(8): p. 573-8. 10. Morin, J.B., et al., Mechanical determinants of 100-m sprint running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2012. 112(11): p. 3921-30. 11. Morin, J.-B., et al., Sprint acceleration mechanics: The major role of hamstrings in horizontal force production. Frontiers in Physiology, 2015. 6: p. 404. 12. Mendiguchia, J., et al., Field monitoring of sprinting power-force-velocity profile before, during and after hamstring injury: two case reports. J Sports Sci, 2016. 34(6): p. 535-41. 13. Edouard, P. and J.-B. Morin, Preventing hamstring muscle injuries by sprint acceleration performance evaluation: What? How? When?, in IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in sport. 2017: Monaco. 14. Lovell, R., B. Knapper, and K. Small, Physiological responses to SAFT90: A new soccer-specific match simulation. Coaching and Sports Science, 2008. 3: p. 46-67. 15. Samozino, P., et al., A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2016. 26(6): p. 648-58. 16. Ekstrand, J., M. Hagglund, and M. Walden, Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). Am J Sports Med, 2011. 39(6): p. 1226-32.
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| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,011 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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