Injectable Chitosan Hydrogels with Enhanced Mechanical Properties for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has been implicated as a major component of spine pathology. As the IVD degenerates, the tissue becomes dehydrated, fibrotic, fissured, acellular, and calcified. These changes can lead to disc bulging, herniation, Schmorl's nodes, inflammation, and hyperinnervation. Injectable hydrogels have received much attention in recent years as scaffold for seeding cells to replenish disc cellularity and restore disc properties and function. However, they generally present poor mechanical properties. In this study, we investigate several novel thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels for their ability to mimic the mechanical properties of the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue, while being injectable, able to entrap and maintain viability of NP cells, and retain matrix proteins. These new hydrogels were prepared by mixing chitosan (CH) with various combinations of three gelling agents: sodium hydrogen carbonate (SHC) and/or beta-glycerophosphate (BGP) and/or phosphate buffer (PB). The kinetics of gelation was studied at room and body temperature by rheology. Mechanical properties of the hydrogels were characterized under compression and torsion, and compared with human NP tissue. NP cells were seeded in the hydrogel when still liquid at room temperature, before its gelation at 37°C. Hydrogel cytocompatibility and functionality were assessed by measuring cell viability, metabolism, and proteoglycan synthesis. Although all the proposed hydrogels exhibited enhanced strength compared to CH-BGP thermosensitive hydrogels, and suitable cytocompatibility and rheological properties, one formulation (containing 2% chitosan, 7.5 mM of SHC, and 0.1 M of BGP) showed mechanical properties similar to human NP tissue, and stimulated better the synthesis and retention of proteoglycans from NP cells. Thus, this novel thermosensitive CH hydrogel shows promise for IVD regeneration. Impact Statement A thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel was developed, which mimics the mechanical properties of the human nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue and provides a suitable environment for seeded NP cells to live and produce glycosaminoglycans. This scaffold is injectable through 25G needle and rapidly gels in vivo at body temperature. It has the potential to restore mechanical properties and stimulate biological repair of the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD). It could therefore be used for the minimally invasive treatment of degenerated IVD, which affects more than one person out of five in the world.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle