STRUCTURAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY REGULATION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Experience of developed countries makes the case that it is possible to achieve a high level of competitiveness in the globalized market solely by using achievements of scientific-and-technological advance.National policy and effectiveness of means of scientific sector support used in the country are essential to it.The purpose of the article is an effort to perform the structural analysis of support, regulation, and financing of scientific activity in world's major economies, having determined central institutes of financial means command for the investment into innovative and scientific activity in the countries.To perform a functional analysis of the funded status of Ukrainian scientific and technological and educational activity from the standpoint of its public regulation.Based on the studied funding model of scientific activity in developed countries, to propose the model of optimization of scientific activity financing that will become the innovative activator of support and development of Ukrainian science.Analysing public policy of developed countries related to the support of scientific, educational, and innovative activity according to the degree of state regulation, it is possible to identify two poles.The first pole can be notionally named as English-American model where the state does very little to interfere with the activity of scientific and innovative sector.It is characterized by the fullest autonomy of entrepreneurship in the innovative and scientific and educational sphere.With the use of such model, it is assumed that market mechanisms facilitate acceleration of scientific and innovative processes of country development by them.The second pole, a Franco-Japanese model of public regulation, is characterized by the substantial impact of the state on scientific and educational processes, in particular, by non-market financing methods.With the use of this model, the governments determine priority guidelines of innovative and technological development supported by the government substantially; such countries to some extent include: France, Sweden, and Japan.Most of the developed European countries (Germany, Poland, Italy) and Canada are found in between specified poles of scientific and innovative policy while developing a national business environment and using direct state support of innovative activity.The increase in expenses of the private sector for research and development activities appears in all countries.Public authorities support scientific studies, innovative activity and development of small and medium-sized businesses in a scientific and technological sphere; they cooperate actively during the development and implementation of national programs.Moreover, other concerned parties -industrial companies, representatives of the academic community, non-governmental non-profit organizations -are involved more actively in the decision-making process.Max Planck Society in Germany can become the experimental model of regulation and financing of scientific, educational, and innovative activity of institutions.Implementation of a new economic model in Ukraine is possible upon the condition of creation and adjustment of the functioning of two closed and Vol. 4, No. 3, 2018 related engineering processes: innovative and productive: education-science-production-market; investment.The following may be classified as top priorities of development of scientific and technological activity in Ukraine: prevention of arrival of earlier and inefficient technologies; facilitation of application of state-of-the-art highly efficient technologies, development of scientific potential and human resourcing; arrangement of conditions for extension and expansion in the number of innovative structures (technology parks, technopolis, business incubators, innovation centres, innovative exchange markets).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».