Social justice and environmental integrity in biodiversity conflicts: searching for common ground and sustainability in the conservation of jaguar (Panthera onca)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract: Biodiversity conflicts occur when people's objectives or priorities over biodiversity differ. They are presented here as a symptom of our failures to reach sustainable development targets, sustainable development being defined in this study as a process aiming at environmental integrity and social justice. Previous research approached biodiversity conflicts primarily under the environmental integrity component of sustainable development, aiming to reduce conflicts through the reduction of biodiversity impacts (i.e., the negative interactions between humans and biodiversity). However, the implementation of strategies aiming to reduce biodiversity impacts has rarely led to long-term conflict management, suggesting that conflict management could be principally affected by social justice and the underlying human conflict. Through an interdisciplinary approach, I explore how the notion of social justice and the pursuit of common ground may help develop new solutions to manage biodiversity conflict and achieve better environmental integrity. More specifically, I try to understand: (1) What is the relationship between biodiversity impact and biodiversity conflict? (2) How is social justice related to biodiversity conflict, and how might its consideration offer new approaches or solutions to strengthen environmental integrity? (3) Can dialogic and collaborative approaches contribute to managing biodiversity conflicts? My research is based on an empirical study exploring environmental management in Calakmul, Mexico. Calakmul region, while hosting the largest tropical forest and population of jaguar (Panthera onca) in Mexico, is also a place for agricultural activity, resulting in a conflict about jaguar management. While jaguar management is a common thread among the chapters of my thesis, I also focus on the benefits of exploring multiple issues to understand the context in which environmental management takes place. In chapter 2, I assess the extent of large cats’ impact in the region and the factors that influence the occurrence of livestock attacks and their spatial distribution. I develop a two-dimensional approach to consider landscape characteristics and human pressure separately. I also use a geostatistical model, accounting for spatial autocorrelation in the data, as well as a multi-scale approach to select the relevant spatial scale for each variable and consider historical data on landscape attributes. Results show that sheep are particularly at risk, regardless of their spatial distribution in the region or other factors. Attack occurrence is best explained by the functional characteristics of the landscape (here, linked to fragmentation process), whereas the effect of human pressure is of lower importance. This research suggests that attack risk is widely spread across the Calakmul region, and that strengthening the use of landscape ecology for spatial predation risk estimation might improve the potential of such tool for conservation. In chapter 3, I propose a novel approach to start collaboration that…
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,009 | 0,008 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,006 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».