Decadal Assessment Of Successional Development On Reclaimed Upland Boreal Well Sites
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Achieving forest recovery on previously forested well sites in northern Alberta is an on-going challenge for the oil and gas industry. Thirty-three experimental oil sands exploration (OSE) sites were constructed and reclaimed between 2004 and 2006 in northeastern Alberta. Our goal was to determine what factors or combination of factors in the construction, storage, and reclamation phases of development may deter or promote successional development toward pre-disturbance site conditions. Treatments included low (no soil disturbance) and varying degrees of higher disturbance via soil excavation and storage, woody material application and planting treatments during reclamation. Survival and growth of planted Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce) were compared between treatments. Soil chemical and physical properties were compared between treatments, and between treatments and forested controls. Naturally regenerating trees and plant communities were compared between treatments, forested controls, and cutblocks within the study area that were harvested in 2004. Statistical methods included ANOVA, orthogonal contrasts, ordination analyses using non-metric dimensional scaling, and indicator species analysis. Disturbance intensity of OSE treatments and treatment combinations in this study can be characterized and categorized by their degree of impact to aspen regeneration density, similarity in species composition to forested controls, and physical similarity of vegetative regrowth to cutblocks, including development of the tree canopy relative to the grass and shrub understory. Little difference was found in survival and growth of planted spruce, though response tended to be better where soil mixing had occurred. Aspen regeneration density decreased with increasing soil disturbance. Low disturbance methods that used whole slash as a reclamation tool resulted in similar plant species composition to forested controls, and similarity of plant community characteristics to cutblocks including aspen regeneration density. Low disturbance construction that left mulch covering the soil surface appeared to alter plant communities by reducing aspen regeneration, deterring native forb regeneration, and was prone to invasion by non-native plant species. Mulch retention also resulted in greater spruce and Populus balsamifera L (balsam poplar) densities, and lower Betula papyrifera Marsch (paper birch) density relative to low disturbance sites treated with whole slash. High forest soil disturbance resulted in greater alteration of plant communities, further reduced aspen regeneration density, and had high competitive grass and shrub cover which may prevent successful forest reestablishment. Species diversity and tree regeneration density were increasingly reduced by soil surface area exposure during storage. High soil exposure during storage favored desiccation tolerant species. Duff stripping and root salvage treatments resulted in higher aspen cover and greater similarity to forested controls relative to the two-pass stripping treatment. Duff stripped areas tended to have higher grass cover, lower tree cover relative to grass and shrubs, and lower plant species diversity compared to other treatments. The root salvage method resulted in the highest plant species diversity, and greater similarity to forested controls relative to all but the duff stripping treatment. Windrowing rather than spreading of whole slash where soil surface area had greater exposure during storage tended to increase aspen and poplar regeneration density. Total cover of spruce and birch was greater in windrowed slash in the two-pass stripping treatment, relative to the spread slash treatment. Planting trees increased tree cover relative to grass and shrubs, and plant species richness and/or diversity in both low and high disturbance treatments. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx) P Beauv (blue joint), Rubus idaeus L (red raspberry), and Salix sp. had a stronger affinity for the non-planted treatments. Sites constructed with low disturbance and treated with whole slash appeared to have the greatest likelihood of prompt return to fully forested, intact boreal forest communities and therefore are the preferred construction method for ecological recovery. However, the root salvage method may be preferable where excavation is deemed necessary for site construction.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».