How sensitive are sediment dispersal and sea surface temperature to changing wind conditions? A mapping approach in the coastal waters of Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada, using Landsat (TM, ETM+ and OLI/TIRS) satellite image data from 1986 to 2016.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Arctic is subject to substantial changes due to the greenhouse gas induced climate change. Ground temperatures and river discharge are rising, (permafrost) coasts are eroded and the carbon stored in them is released. The aforementioned factors contribute suspended sediment to the Arctic shelves which represent an uncertainty regarding future ecological and geological reactions. In order to increase the understanding of the development of Arctic shelves due to the changes described, this Master’s thesis presents a mapping approach of sediment dispersal and sea surface temperature (SST) in the coastal and nearshore zone of Herschel Island on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf. In this regard, 30 years of Landsat satellite imagery were analyzed and interpreted under different seasonal wind conditions (E and NW wind). Due to the absence of in-situ measurements to calibrate the spectral data, proxys were chosen for both values to receive a relative overview of the study area: the surface reflectance of the red band (655 nm) for turbidity (which acts as proxy for sediment dispersal) and at-sensor (uncorrected) temperature from thermal infrared channels (10,4–12,5 µm) for SST. For scenes with similar wind conditions, the mean was calculated, resulting in a very good representation over the observation period. During stable E wind conditions, the mean values of both turbidity and SST were higher than during NW wind conditions. This may result from the influence of the Mackenzie River Plume, distributing suspended sediment and fresh water over the Canadian Beaufort Shelf during stable E wind conditions. The low values during stable NW wind conditions indicate that the sediment and fresh water input from other sources than the Mackenzie River to the Canadian Beaufort Shelf are of minor importance compared to it. Turbidity shows large gradients from the nearshore to the offshore zone, indicating that large parts of the suspended sediment are deposited and transported in the nearshore zone. SST does not have such a strong gradient; however, upwelling causes large differences at ne NE coast of Herschel Island during stable E wind conditions. The resulted values have been compared to other modelling approaches to assess the magnitude of absolute values representing the reflectance values. Modelling turbidity and SPM after Nechad et al. (2009, 2010) results in values of 20 - 30 FTU and 10 – 30 g/m³ along the coast, respectively. These values are in good agreement with SPM modelling from Doxaran et al. (2012). Limitations of the presented modelling method are the low temporal resolution of Landsat satellites of 16 days and the atmospheric correction to surface reflection due to the low radiometric resolution of the older Landsat satellite sensors. While newer sensors such as Landsat 8 (OLI) and Sentinel 2 can overcome the last limitation, the temporal resolution is still a limitation for high resolution ocean color remote sensing. With the calibration of the spectral data with in-situ measurements, this model is expected to derive consistent SPM concentration and SST data for the whole Canadian Beaufort Shelf.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».