MS06.5 Equivalence In Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient of Generic Antihypertensive Medicines Available In Three Nigerian States (EQUIMEDS): A Case For Further Surveillance
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: Prevention and optimal management of hypertension in the general population is paramount to the achievement of the WHF goal of reducing cardiovascular disease mortality by 25% by the year 2025. Widespread access to good quality antihypertensive medicines is a critical component for achieving the goal. Poor quality medicines including those that are of substandard quality pose serious health concerns however, there remains a knowledge gap about the quality of generic antihypertensive medicines especially in lowmiddle income countries. Objectives: To determine the quality of generic antihypertensive medicines available in the retail market of a developing country. Methods: We purchased samples of the two most commonly prescribed classes of antihypertensive medicines from three states in three different geopolitical zones in Nigeria following a semi-random sampling framework. Samples were purchased by a mystery shopper from each of 24 pharmacy outlets from six local government areas (1 rural and 1 urban per state) across each of the three states. Samples were analyzed for content at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, bioanalytical facility. The stated active pharmaceutical ingredient (SAPI) in each sample was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection with results expressed as percentage of SAPI. Samples were classified as good quality (acceptable pharmaceutical quality, if compliant with pharmacopeia tolerance limits of 90-110% SAPI), poor quality (substandard, if contains either less or more than the acceptable dose, <90 ->110% SAPI) and falsified (no SAPI). Results: Amlodipine and Lisinopril were identified as the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in Nigeria. In total, 440 samples from 24 pharmacies were collected and tested. We found 69.4% of Amlodipine and 69.9% of Lisinopril samples were of acceptable pharmaceutical quality. However, 30.6% of Amlodipine and 33.1% of Lisinopril samples were of substandard quality. We did not detect any falsified samples of either Amlodipine or Lisinopril. Conclusion: About one-third of commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs available in Nigeria appear to be of substandard quality. Enhanced quality assurance processes in lowmiddle income countries such as Nigeria are needed to support optimum management.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».