Influence of Amendments and Soil Depth on Available Nutrients and Microbial Dynamics in Contrasting Topsoil Materials Used for Oil Sands Reclamation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
As of December 2013, the cumulative area disturbed by oil sands mining in NE Alberta was 896 km2 out of an estimated final footprint of 4,800 km2 – all of which will require reclamation. Expensive handling costs and scarce soil resources necessitate judicious management and application of salvaged topsoils and soil amendments such that the post-mining landscape re-establishes an “equivalent land capability” of pre-disturbance conditions. Soil microbial communities and microbially mediated nutrient availability are largely overlooked in reclamation analyses, despite their potential in providing a sensitive measurement of ecosystem processes. Our study measured nutrient availability and microbiological parameters in directly-placed forest floor mix (FFM) and peat mix (PM), which were compared to natural reference sites. The study was divided into two components: 1) assessing fertilizer and charcoal amendments (reclamation to d ecosite); and 2) assessing topsoil application depths (reclamation to a/b ecosite). 1) The principal study on CNRL’s Reclamation Area-1 (RA-1) compares a fertilizer amendment on PM and FFM. Our study added a charcoal amendment to simulate natural soil additions from wildfire; and compared reclaimed treatments to recently burned and unburned natural reference sites. Microbial biomass-carbon was greatest in natural and reclaimed organic soils. Burning and charcoal amendments tended to increase metabolic quotient, indicating potential nutrient stress or decomposition inefficiency. Nutrient profiles differed mostly between natural and reclaimed sites, followed by sites receiving fertilizer. Fertilization increased inorganic-N availability by two orders of magnitude above unfertilized treatments, while P and K availability were below natural variation. 2) Syncrude Canada’s Aurora Soil Capping Study provided Shallow and Deep topsoil application depths of PM and FFM which were compared to a control receiving no topsoil and a harvested analogue (Harvest). Soil respiration rates were greater in FFM and Harvest than in PM treatments, with no difference attributable to subsoil type or placement depth. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and community level physiological profiles (CLPP) measured microbial community structure and function, respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordinations revealed the greatest similarity between FFM and Harvest for available nutrients, PLFA and CLPP analyses. Deep FFM application shared greatest PLFA similarity to Harvest, but Shallow FFM was more similar in CLPP. Shallow PM was more similar than Deep for all parameters measured. PM indicated greater total inorganic N and S availability, and deficiencies in P and K compared to FFM and Harvest.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».