Women and Health: In the Context of Global Restructuring/LES FEMMES ET LA SANTÉ: DANS LE CONTEXTE DE LA RESTRUCTURATION MONDIALE

Abstract: Recently there is a debate about the impact of global restructuring on human health. this article will attempt to examine the impact of global restructuring on the health of poor women in a range of different setting. It will also give a brief account of gender inequalities in access to health care and recent campaigns designed to resist the negative changes. Key words: global restructuring, women's health, gender inequality, poverty, well-being Resume: Recemment, il y a un debat sur l'impact de la restructuration mondiale sur la sante humaine, cet article tentera d'examiner l'impact de la restructuration mondiale sur la sante des femmes pauvres dans une gamme de circonstances differentes. Il donnera aussi un bref compte rendu des inegalites entre les sexes dans l'acces aux soins de sante et les recentes campagnes designees a resister aux changements negatifs. Mots-Cles: restructuration mondiale, sante des femmes, inegalite entre les sexes, pauvrete, bien-etre INTRODUCTION Restructuring does not just relate to the material but also relates to identity and many more socioeconomic phenomenon. The term global restructuring has been used in a variety of ways to mean very different things. But central to all these accounts is a dramatic increase in economic, social and cultural interdependence between countries (Giddens, 1990, Lechner and Boli 2000). This has been accompanied by a greater concentration of power in the richest parts of the world and a reduction in the capacity of some nation states to respond effectively to the needs of their citizens. In many societies, these developments has led to major transformations in daily life. In recent decade has seen increasing debate about the impact of globalization or global restructuring on human health. There are many attempts have been made to assess the impact of these global trends on the health of populations (Dollar, 2001, Weisbrot et al. 2001). However these studies have usually been conducted at national level and the results have been of little practical value to local policy makers (Lee, 1998). Moreover, they have rarely explored the ways in which women and men might experience of globalization (Marchaned and Runyan, 2000). This article will shed light on the impact of global restructuring on the health of poor women in a range of different settings and also give a brief account of recent campaigns designed to resist the negative effects of the changes. 1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN'S HEALTH All human societies divide their populations into two social categories, which they call 'male' and 'female'. Each of these categories is based on a series of assumptions drawn from the culture in which they occur about the different attributes, beliefs and behaviours characteristic of the individuals included within that category. Other then there are obvious differences in male and female patterns of sickness and death and these are shaped by both biological and social factors. The most obvious differences between women and men are to be found in the realm of biology. Women's capacity for reproduction makes them vulnerable to a wide range of health problems if they are not able to control their fertility and go safely through pregnancy and childbirth. Similarly, both women and men are susceptible to sex specific diseases such as cancers of the uterus or prostate. Recent research has also identified differences in the vulnerability of women and men to diseases such as heart disease and TB that affect both sexes (Doyel, 2004). But male and female patterns of morbidity and mortality are influenced not only by biological factors but also by social relationships including those associated with gender (Doyal, 1995). All societies assign specific characteristics to individuals depending on whether they are defined as male or female. There are also differences in the duties they are expected to perform and in their entitlement to a wide range of social and economic resources. …

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