РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В СОГЛАШЕНИЯХ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА О СВОБОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: The article presents a review of investment regulation in the European Union free trade agreements. Investment is of great importance for the European Union as it contributes to the development and competitiveness of European enterprises. Until recently, issues related to investment, were not included in the EU free trade agreements, being regulated on the international level. However, the situation has changed after the Lisbon Treaty entered into force and the EU was given the right to make decisions in the field of investment policy, which is part of its commercial policy,. The free trade agreements have become a major tool for the regulation of investment relations of the European Union with third countries. The author examines which regimes and guarantees can be provided by the European Union in such agreements in relation to foreign investors and investments.The article presents the analysis of investment provisions in several EU agreements concluded with third countries. Moreover, the author deals with the issue of settlement of disputes between investors and States in the EU free trade agreements, in particular, with the new mechanism in the context of two trade agreements of the European Union: Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership with the US and Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement with Canada.Materials and methods: the methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes in the field of international trade law: the method of systemic structural analysis; method of synthesis of the socio-legal phenomena; the comparative legal method, formal logical method; statistical method. Results: the analysis reveales that for a long period of time the agreements of the European Union on free trade with third countries did not contain mechanisms for the protection of foreign investments. Such a mechanism is proposed in several agreements made after 2010, including the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement concluded between the EU and Canada in October 2016. It represents a fundamentally new approach to the resolution of investment disputes between parties in which the special system of investment courts instead of the current mechanism of «investor- to-state» dispute settlement. The new system provides a number of innovations, including the introduction of appellate court and mediation, selection of judges, among whom there will be citizens of both parties to the agreement.This new system has both advantages and disadvantages, which are primarily associated with providing investors with broader powers in this matter.Discussion and Conclusions: the use of a new mechanism of investment dispute settlement in EU agreements on free trade is substantiated; its main advantages and disadvantages are analyzed; the possibility of incorporating such systems in subsequent bilateral or multilateral trade agreements, including the Transatlantic trade and investment partnership between the EU and the USA is discussed and substantiated.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».