Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Technology Focus What does the term “heavy oil” mean to you, the broad JPT readership? There are of course the various formal definitions that are tied mainly to API-gravity values (i.e., commonly 22°API), while others reflect both oil density and viscosity (preferentially referring to in-situ conditions). In general, however, recent literature suggests that heavy oil means quite different things to different people throughout this industry because it is used to cover a wide spectrum of reservoir conditions and field developments. Only a decade or so ago, papers written about heavy oil typically referred to developments in Canada, China, USA (California), or Venezuela. Now, however, papers describing heavy-oil projects cover a much broader range, both geographically and in terms of the reservoir conditions involved, with a key distinction between onshore and offshore developments. Now, various types of onshore heavy-oil developments are under way in many countries and regions including the Middle East (Kuwait, Oman, and Saudi Arabia), Russia, Africa (Chad, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Libya), USA (Alaska), India, and Europe. Over the past few years, interest has grown rapidly in developing heavy-oil deposits off-shore Brazil, Mexico, Africa, China, Italy, Trinidad, Cuba, and elsewhere. These offshore fields include both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs with in-situ oil viscosities typically less than 400 cp. While such viscosity values are quite low relative to traditional onshore heavy-oil developments, they certainly can present significant technical challenges in an offshore environment. The diversity among these recent heavy-oil developments is significant in terms of the recovery strategies being pursued and the technical challenges that must be overcome. These challenges include choice of recovery method, reservoir characterization and performance, complex-well-design and well-integrity considerations, production and artificial-lift difficulties, as well as fluid-processing difficulties. The papers included in this feature were selected to showcase the wide range of heavy-oil developments under way throughout the world and the novel strategies and technology pursuits that go along with them. Heavy Oil additional reading available at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org PETSOC 2009-067 • “Evaluation of Recovery Technologies for the Grosmont Carbonate Reservoirs” by Q. Jiang, SPE, Osum Oil Sands Corporation, et al. SPE 113625 • “The Zatchi B Heavy-Oil-Reservoir Development: The Unique Challenges of the TAML6 Multilateral Well ZAM-408ML” by L. Tealdi, SPE, Eni Congo, et al. SPE 115240 • “Key Technologies of Polymer Flooding in Offshore Oil Field of Bohai Bay” by W. Zhou, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, et al. SPE 121381 • “When Water Means Oil: Block 16 Case History” by C. Correa Feria, Repsol, et al.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».