Degradation Behavior of High-Phosphorus Ni-P Coating for Application in Oil and Gas Industry
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Carbon steel casing and tubing, utilized for oil and gas production, may potentially experience severe corrosion due to the presence of corrosive gases (e.g., CO 2 and H 2 S) and chlorine compounds in the production wells. To mitigate the corrosion of carbon steel, the Ni-P coating has been applied to the carbon steel surface using electroless deposition method. The extensive studies have suggested that Ni-P coating can effectively protect the substrate through isolating the substrate from the corrosive environment, and exhibits good corrosion resistance in the environment containing brine, acid, CO 2 or even H 2 S. However, some internal microdefects derived from the deposition process as well as some external defects originated from the mechanical effect during the production process will inevitably be present in the coating. These defects are likely to pose great risks to the reliability of the coating and negatively affect its durability in the corrosive environments, especially in the coexistence of CO 2 and Cl - . In this work, the degradation behavior of a high-phosphorus Ni-P coating with microdefects or an artificial defect in CO 2 /Cl - environments was systematically investigated using electrochemical methods and surface characterizations. The results show that although the corrosion occurs at the microdefects and extends towards the inside of Ni-P coating, the coating has a good resistance to corrosion disbonding in the CO 2 /Cl - environment, even with an artificial defect in the coating. Under the cathodic polarization condition (to accelerate the corrosion process), the defects in the coating provide effective pathways for the electrolyte to transport through the coating and along the coating/substrate interface laterally from the defects, thereby, causing the localized corrosion and disbonding of the coating. Finally, a corrosion model is proposed to well interpret the degradation process of the coating with microdefects in CO 2 /Cl - environment. The electrolyte penetrates into the micropores and causes the corrosion of coating at the micropores, promoting the initiation of the pits. As the corrosion proceeds, the accumulation of corrosive species in the pits increases the localized corrosion rate. After the pits penetrate through the entire coating, the corrosion process is governed by the substrate dissolution and the mass diffusion between the substrate interface and the electrolyte. The corrosion of the substrate propagates along the coating/substrate interface laterally and towards the depth direction due to the accumulation of the electrolyte at the exposed substrate surface, which causes local corrosion disbonding of the coating.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».