Overview: Offshore Facilities: Construction and Design (February 2008)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Overview Deepwater and the Arctic, which, today, represent more than half of the world's undiscovered oil and gas resources, often are associated when it comes to the current challenges in exploration and production. But even if deepwater and the Arctic share a few common problems, those associated with arctic conditions present many unique specificities and a much wider range of technological issues. Among the reasons, arctic areas are interpreted as those with prevailing cold-climate conditions and include, in addition to the whole area north of the Arctic Circle, the subarctic regions down to northeast Canada, Sakhalin, and the Caspian Sea (just to name the more active ones). Also, arctic means not only offshore deep and shallow areas—sometimes including areas with many challenges for very shallow developments (e.g., Kashagan) and for all shore approaches—but also onshore, with long pipelines, large plants, and all the associated infrastructure (e.g., roads and buildings). Common features include high-technological content, heavy logistics, high sophistication of required equipment, and, certainly, high cost of development and production. In addition, subsea processing (separation, boosting, and compression) that enables solving deepwater flow-assurance issues and increasing recovery rates should bring the same advantages to Arctic production and ultimately, in some cases, could allow subsea-to-beach configurations, thus greatly reducing interaction with ice. Remoteness, personnel safety, and environmental footprint (already very important in deepwater) take an even more important place in the highly sensitive Arctic zones. Obvious unique specificities of the Arctic are those related to the low temperatures (i.e., ice, icing, and interaction of ice, ridges, and icebergs with structures and pipelines), leading to ice strengthening and/or disconnect-ability of structures, deep burial of pipelines, ice management for offshore developments, and (for both onshore and offshore) all the difficulties linked to the presence of permafrost. All of these concerns have common major uncertainties linked to the current situation, as well as to their evolution in the future. Even with all the unique challenges of the Arctic, these offshore developments will certainly benefit from the great experience that operators and contractors have already gained in the deepwater scene. However, developments in the Arctic will have to cope with even-more-difficult environmental challenges and larger uncertainties. Offshore Facilities: Construction and Design additional reading available at the OTC Library: www.otcnet.org OTC 18768 "Polyester Mooring Lines on Platforms and MODUs in Deep Water" by John F. Flory, Tension Technology International, et al. OTC 18903 "Development of Revised Gulf of Mexico Metocean Hurricane Conditions for Reference by API Recommended Practices" by E.P. Berek, ExxonMobil, et al.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».