A Highly Tunable Fabrication Process for Binder-Free Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanoarchitectures for Supercapacitor Electrode Via Nanotransfer Printing Technique
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Among various energy storage systems, supercapacitors are known to be excellent candidates with inherent fast charge-discharge characteristics and outstanding cycle stability, but are known to be mediocre in the energy density aspect. In order to realize their full potential, the electrode nanostructure needs to be carefully designed and fabricated, maximizing the surface area for electrochemically active sites while maintaining the conductivity and stability. Here, we report a novel and straightforward fabrication method for a binder-free carbon nanoarchitecture that meets these conditions. Using a solvent-assisted nanotransfer printing technique, a three-dimensional nanoarchitecture is assembled with highly controllable and consistent pore sizes, applicable in both EDLC and pseudocapacitor electrodes. In this study, arrays of carbon nanowires were transfer-printed using polymer replicas of silicon substrates with linear trenches of various widths and periods, ranging from few hundred nanometers to micrometers. The printing process was repeated multiple times to assemble mesh-like carbon nanoarchitectures with desirable thicknesses. Due the simplicity of the process, the fabrication method is highly versatile, modifiable in numerous elements such as thickness and width of the carbon, pattern size, intersection angles, and so forth. The patterns were fabricated in a wide range of dimensions to investigate the effect of pattern sizes in the electrode performance. Such tunability enables comprehensive analysis of effect of the electrode pore size and structure in supercapacitor performance. The electrochemical performances of the electrodes were tested by manufacturing a series of supercapacitor on CR2032 coin cells. Two symmetric electrodes were isolated using an ion-porous separator and organic solvent was used as the electrolyte. All coin cell assembly was conducted in a dry room with relative humidity lower than 2% to prevent any contamination in the electrolyte. Furthermore, we report additional processes to widen the application capability of the described fabrication method. Hierarchical structures have been fabricated by printing alternating layers of patterns of different dimensions. Larger nanowires provide apertures that act as pathways for efficient access of electrolyte to the active material, while smaller nanowires contribute to increase the surface area. Moreover, this nanoarchitecture can be modified for pseudocapacitors or other energy storage applications. Metallic nanoparticles can be dispersed and embedded on the carbon surface to form carbon-metal or carbon-metal oxide composite materials, allowing the aforementioned advantages of this structure to be similarly applied in other devices. This three-dimensional nanoarchitecture fabrication process provides a highly tunable and straightforward method based on transfer-printing technique, and further investigations and optimizations can be expected from the high versatility. Figure 1
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».