Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Over the past few years, there have been several changes in the US and Canadian refugee policies, as well as changes in international refugee law and global sentiments towards refugees.In this thesis, I will be analyzing the Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA) between the US and Canada, which came into force in 2004.I will look at the debates and arguments that surrounded the STCA during its early stages and how those debates have evolved since its implementation.I will be exploring whether these changes are extensive enough to render the STCA ineffective.I will also unpack the meaning of major concepts and terms within the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol.I hope to determine to what extent these new developments have affected the status of the STCA, whether it should be suspended or eliminated, and what that would mean for security and border management strategies.also to share the burden of refugee and asylum seekers at the border ("Canada-US Safe Third Country Agreement", 2004).When the STCA came into force in 2004, the refugee determination systems of Canada and the US were fairly similar, and their sentiments towards refugees and asylum seekers were also similar.Since its inception, however, Canada and the US have evolved, and their refugee policies have changed.After the election of Donald Trump, the Trump administration has been ending policies and programs which have benefitted refugees and migrants in the past.For example, the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) allowed people who were brought into the US as undocumented children to legally work and live in the US.Another program, Temporary Protection Status (TPS) gave temporary protection to people who are fleeing not only conflict situations but environmental disasters and economic turmoil.These are only some of the programs ending under the Trump era.Furthermore, since the election, the Trump administration has been clamping down on migration.During the first few months of his term, President Trump established severalExecutive Orders (EOs) that negatively affected refugees, including an order banning refugees from seven Muslim-majority countries, and this EO was informally known as the "Muslim travel ban" (Executive Order No. 13769, 2017).Parallel to this, there has been an increase in anti-migrant and anti-foreigner sentiments in the US, and 2017 saw protests against refugees and asylum seekers, most notoriously in Charlottesville, Virginia.These developments have caused a rise in irregular asylum seekers at the US-Canada border who are crossing into Canada using dangerous routes to circumvent the STCA.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,015 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,009 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,008 | 0,006 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,005 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,009 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».