Impact of Frac Hits on Production Performance- A Case Study in Marcellus Shale
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract A new approach is proposed to quantify the communication between wells in a tight multi-layered shale gas reservoir. In this approach, a wide range of data sets, from microseismic monitoring to the production data are analyzed to evaluate the communication between wells in every stage of well development. The results provide new insight into how the initial well communication during stimulation impacts the well interference during production. Microseismic data collected during hydraulic fracturing are analyzed for a three-well pad drilled in the Appalachian basin. The microseismic event locations, magnitudes, and fracture plane characteristics are used to construct a discrete fracture network (DFN). The permeability of a numerical reservoir model is calculated from the generated DFN, and the model is further integrated with available reservoir data. History matching is carried out using three years of production data to calibrate the reservoir model, which was also used to predict water and gas production for thirty years. Finally, decline curve analysis (DCA) is used to examine the production behavior of the reservoir. The microseismic data monitored during hydraulic fracturing show the presence of communication between wells in the pad. This communication, also known as frac hits, is established as more events are recorded in the offset wells, indicating the extent of hydraulic fractures. In addition, the pressure perturbation in the offset wells confirms the presence of a pathway connecting the wells during stimulation. Furthermore, the reservoir model built in the numerical reservoir simulator shows overlap of drainage volumes. In the reservoir model, the depleted region expands across multilayer formations in both lateral and vertical directions. An analysis of the production behavior of the wells using DCA suggests an almost logarithmic trend which is expected for these types of reservoirs. Surprisingly, detailed analysis of the results reveals there is no significant deviation in the overall performance of wells associated with well interference, especially in the early years of production. However, at greater than 10 years of production, the expansion of the depleted zone accelerates the well interference which leads to lower performance of the pad in the long term. The results demonstrate that the enhanced permeability zones created due to frac hits may not have an immediate impact on production performance. Traditionally, frac hits and well communication were considered damaging to the reservoir production. However, this new result shows that the well communication during fracturing may not impact short-term production. Additionally, it highlights the importance of a thorough examination of the fracture network along with the reservoir properties to evaluate the potential impact of frac hits on reservoir production.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».