Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Canada's population is aging. Demographic findings released by Statistics Canada project the 65 years and older population to rise from 3.92 million in 2001 to roughly 9.2 million people by 2041, or approximately one in four Canadians. The median age for the Canadian population has increased from 29 years old in 1981 to 39 in 2005. Over the same time period, the youth-dependency load, those aged 0 to 14 years of age, as a percentage of the population shrank by 5 percent. This shift in the demographic profile has serious policy implications for Canada. Canadian policymakers will have to deal with both a shrinking labor force and an increased burden on social services. Though the ultimate causes of the increasing aging of the population are hard to pinpoint, the approximate causes of Canada's senescence are clear--a low mortality rate along with declining birth rates has produced an age distribution with fewer younger-aged cohorts and more old-aged cohorts. Improvements in medical technologies, public health, and hygiene over the last few centuries, along with a host of other factors, have led to lower overall mortality. Furthermore, a decreased need to have more children to ensure infant survival, wider availability of contraceptives, and greater female involvement in the labor force over the last 50 years are also causes for lower fertility rates. Those in prime child-bearing years such as those aged 20 to 24 have seen birth rates plummet from just over 20 percent in 1956 to around 5 percent in 2003. Lower old-age mortality and higher life expectancy pose serious challenges to Canada's social security system and public finances. The Canadian Pension Plan (CPP), Canada's pension system, will now require reform in order to remain solvent in the future. As Canada's workforce begins to shrink and the number of social security dependents increases, CPP will be unable to cope with larger social security disbursements and fewer received payments. The dependence of senior citizens on social security in Canada makes sustainability all the more important. Roughly half of a Canadian old-age retiree's income comes from social security disbursements from CPP and from Old-Age Security payments, which provide a supplement to CPP income for retirees. For female senior citizens, 60 percent of their incomes come from CPP and Old-Age Security payments. While there have been serious considerations to begin investing pension contributions to convert the CPP into a partially funded system, this will only mitigate but not solve the problem of higher levels of payments and lower levels of revenues funding those payments. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».