Training Center for Artisanal Miners: Moving towards Effective Formalization and Mercury Reduction in Antioquia, Colombia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Artisanal gold mining (AGM) activities encompass small, medium, informal, legal and illegal miners in numbers close to 16 million and are responsible for producing around 380-450 tonnes/a or almost 12% of total mined gold. AGM is considered the main anthropogenic source of mercury pollution emitting and releasing around 1400 tonnes/a into the environment. In 2013, The AGM sector in Colombia produced 72% of the country's gold or around 40 tonnes/a of gold. In the Department of Antioquia, artisanal miners take their ores to Processing Centres to be amalgamated in small ball mills. On average, 50% of the mercury introduced in the process is lost: 46% lost to the tailings as mercury droplets and 4% lost as fumes when amalgam is burned. Miners usually do not need to pay for the amalgamation service as the Centres retain the Hg-contaminated tailings to leach with cyanide extracting the non-amalgamated gold which is usually around 75% of the gold in the ore. By 2010, 5 municipalities in Antioquia were emitting and releasing to the environment up to 110 tonnes/a of mercury. By 2013, thanks to an educational project implemented by UNIDO and local partners, 46-70 tonnes of mercury have been prevented from polluting the environment. The project adopted a strategy of educating the owners of the Processing Centres on cleaner methods to produce more gold consequently reducing the amount of mercury entering the amalgamation process. The success of this project motivated the Government of Colombia to invest in the idea of creating Training Centres for Artisanal Miners (TCAM), in which miners could be trained and educated. In 2014, the Government of the province of Antioquia in cooperation with the National Centre of Learning (SENA) created a US$6.5 million TCAM in the town of El Bagre, Antioquia to train conventional and artisanal gold miners in sustainable gold mining and processing techniques, legalization of informal miners, economic diversification, food security, ethics, accounting, business management, health and environmental issues in mining, social responsibility, etc. The SENA is also investing in training its trainers to run 3 other Centres in different locations in Antioquia. The Canadian International Resources and Development Institute (CIRDI) are working together with SENA to implement these Training Centers. The steps for the development of curriculum for the miners and implementation of the Centres are discussed in the presentation. Currently, there are 39 new mercury-free processing plants operating in Antioquia.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
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Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».