The Biosorption of Platinum and Palladium in Chloride Real Leach Solution by Modified Biomass
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Modern demands for technological goods have created a global problem of excess electronic wastes (e-wastes). Increasing demands of precious metals to supply factories around the world for these electronic goods may also pose a strain towards current global gold, platinum and palladium reserves. As e-wastes often contain prominent levels of toxic materials along with valuable metals, its recycling must be conducted on an industrial scale to ensure a steady supply of precious metals (PM) for future needs. Current conventional methods of recycling PM including pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes are often costly, environmentally unfriendly and potentially hazardous. Therefore, researchers have turned towards the study of biomass-based adsorbents, also known as biosorbents, for applications in PM recovery and recycling.\nIn the research presented in the thesis herein, wheat straw, canola meal and wood bark nuggets were used and immobilized with dithiooxamide (DTO), ethylenediamine (EN) and primary amine (PA) to create 12 novel biosorbents. These biosorbents were examined for their effectiveness in recovering platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) from real leach solution provided by a PM refining plant in Ontario. From these 12 biosorbents, it was determined that dithiooxamide-immobilized wood bark (DTO-WB) was the most effective. Being able to recover up to 97.4% Pt and 99.8% Pd from diluted leach solution, DTO-WB was selected as the biosorbent of focus for the rest of the research. Characterization analysis including Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur (CHNS) content analysis confirmed that DTO immobilization was successful on the structure of WB. Further experimentation and data analysis revealed that the rate of adsorption of Pt and Pd on DTO-WB progressed via the pseudo-second order rate model. Adsorption isotherm model studies indicate that the adsorption of Pt and Pd by DTO-WB followed the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm respectively. Calculated energy levels of activation by Pt and Pd suggests that adsorption progresses due to chemisorption. Thermodynamic studies reveal that DTO-WB adsorption of Pt and Pd is endothermic in nature and that adsorption efficiencies may be improved by increasing operating temperatures. Acknowledging that a variety of dissolved metals exists in real leach solution, performed co-adsorption experiments indicated that DTO-WB was efficient in recovering other PM, namely silver and rhodium. Selenium, a potentially toxic element commonly present in drinking water was also adsorbed in significant numbers by DTO-WB, suggesting that the adsorbent may potentially be used in water-treatment research.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».