Beatrice Offshore Wind Project, Wind Turbine Generator Foundation Design
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Objectives/Scope The Beatrice Offshore Wind project comprises the development of 84 number 7MW turbines located in the Moray Firth in the North of Scotland. It is one of the most northerly and exposed sites globally and also the deepest site for fixed foundations for offshore wind. The paper describes the design challenges and how they were addressed. The solutions are likely to be of interest to anyone else developing a deep water offshore wind project, especially with variable soil conditions and a significant water depth range. Methods, Procedures, Process The Beatrice WTG foundations were completed as an EPCI project with close integration between the EPCI contractor, designer, fabrication and installation teams. Across the site water depths ranged from 35-68m, however, this range was reduced when a small number of outliers were discounted. The final range was 38-55m. There was also a significant variation in soil conditions across the site and this created significant challenges when attempting to standardise the design. Global analysis of the selected structures under wind and wave conditions was performed using Sequential Coupled Analysis (SCA) with BHawC and ANSYS ASAS software packages. The analysis was performed by passing information between the turbine supplier and the substructure designer to produce coupled wind and wave loading on the integrated jacket, WTG and tower system. Results, Observations, and Conclusions The jackets are the largest ever designed and installed for offshore wind. The solution developed was a 4 legged pre-piled jacket. The design was split up in to 5 clusters to address the water depth range. Associated with this a pile stick up range of 2-6m was adopted. No scour protection was used. The top half of the jacket, transition piece and much of the secondary steelwork was standardised across the site. The base dimension for the jacket and pile diameter was also standardised across the site to allow for re-use of a pre-piling template. The final foundations were installed in 2018. Novel/Additive Information The grouted connection between the jacket and the pre-piles includes the first application offshore of Masterflow 9800 grout. Control of early age cycling was a key consideration in design of the jacket to pile interface. Piles were designed in accordance with the Imperial College Pile ‘ICP’ effective-stress pile design approaches for offshore foundations.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».