First Report of Leaf Blight on <i>Ficus pandurata</i> Caused by <i>Nigrospora osmanthi</i> in China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 10First Report of Leaf Blight on Ficus pandurata Caused by Nigrospora osmanthi in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Leaf Blight on Ficus pandurata Caused by Nigrospora osmanthi in ChinaJ. Liu, L. Yang, P. Miao, D. Wu, G. Cai, X. Li, and J. LuJ. Liuhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-2774Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, L. YangKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, P. MiaoKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, D. WuKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, G. CaiKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, X. Li†Corresponding authors: X. Li; E-mail Address: xiaomin@jiangnan.edu.cn and J. Lu; E-mail Address: jlu@jiangnan.edu.cnKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China, and J. Lu†Corresponding authors: X. Li; E-mail Address: xiaomin@jiangnan.edu.cn and J. Lu; E-mail Address: jlu@jiangnan.edu.cnKey Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations J. Liu L. Yang P. Miao D. Wu G. Cai X. Li † J. Lu † Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China Published Online:14 Aug 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0705-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Ficus pandurata Hance (Moraceae) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of various diseases and also has high ornamental value (Khedr et al. 2016). In September 2018, distinct blight symptoms were observed on leaves of F. pandurata at a flower gardening factory in Suyang, Jiangsu, China. Approximately, 23% of F. pandurata plants (a total of about 1,000 plants) showed disease symptoms and had reduced ornamental value of the leaves. Initial leaf symptoms were characterized by yellow to brown, irregular-shaped lesions. The lesions later expanded to the entire leaf. Infected leaves turned dark brown and withered. A portion of the symptomatic leaf tissues were surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 10 s and then in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C in the dark. The obtained fungal colonies were initially white, becoming gray to black, wool-like, and slow-growing. Conidia were black, smooth, unicellular, globose to subglobose (12.7 to 17.2 μm in diameter, n = 50), borne on a hyaline vesicle at the tip of each conidiophore or directly from the mycelia. Based on the morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Nigrospora osmanthi (Wang et al. 2017). Total genomic DNA of the isolated fungus was extracted with a Plant/Fungi DNA Isolation Kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene were amplified from the isolated strain using primers ITS1/ITS4 and EF1-728F/EF1-986R. Sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MK713643 and MK733275). The BLAST searches in GenBank database indicated that the ITS and TEF1 sequences had 99.61 and 99.27% similarity to N. osmanthi (MH290447 and KY019421). A phylogenetic tree constructed with the TEF1 gene using the neighbor-joining algorithm in MEGA 6 software (Tamura et al. 2013) with 1,000 bootstrap replicates revealed that the examined isolate, JUN1, belongs to the fungus N. osmanthi. To fulfill Koch's postulates, a conidial suspension (1 × 107 conidia/ml) collected from PDA cultures was used for inoculation by spraying leaves of potted 2-year-old F. pandurata plants. Thirty-six healthy leaves were sprayed with a spore suspension (500 µl per leaf). An equal number of control leaves were inoculated with sterile water to serve as a negative control. The inoculated plants were incubated at 25°C and 80 to 85% humidity with a 12-h photoperiod in a greenhouse for 1 week. The whole pathogenicity tests were repeated three times. Yellow to brown leaf lesions similar to those observed on naturally infected leaves were observed on all inoculated leaves after 5 to 7 days. Meanwhile, no symptoms developed on control leaves, which were treated with sterile water. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight on F. pandurata caused by N. osmanthi in China. This report can play an important role in the development of appropriate strategies for this plant disease.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Khedr, A. I. M., et al. 2016. Arch. Pharm. Res. 39:897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0784-y Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTamura, K., et al. 2013. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30:2725. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWang, M., et al. 2017. Persoonia 39:118. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.06 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20181207), the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX19_1830), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP21914).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 10 October 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionBell pepper cv. Bomby infected with zucchini yellow mosaic virus along with cucumber mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus, and tobacco mosaic virus (Verma et al.). Photo credit: S. Tripathi. Severe stunting, leaf chlorosis, and horizontal head growth of sunflower infected with Plasmopara halstedii, causal agent of downy mildew (Humann et al.). Photo credit: S. Markell. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 3 Oct 2019Published: 14 Aug 2019First Look: 23 May 2019Accepted: 22 May 2019 Pages: 2685-2685 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceGrant/Award Number: BK20181207Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu ProvinceGrant/Award Number: KYCX19_1830Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesGrant/Award Number: JUSRP21914Keywordsleaf blightFicus pandurataNigrospora osmanthiThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byFirst Report of Nigrospora osmanthi Causing Leaf Blight on Orthosiphon stamineus in MalaysiaS. I. Ismail, N. A. Mat Norzaki, M. E. Ya'acob, and S. 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