On the Modelling and Analysis of Converting Existing Canadian Residential Communities to Net-Zero Energy
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Rising energy costs and international pressure has motivated governments and homeowners to reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of new and existing dwellings.A popular technical approach to this problem is the adoption of net-zero energy targets, which can achieve substantial energy and GHG emissions reductions.Often focused on new builds, there is growing interest in retrofitting existing buildings to net-zero.Addressing existing stock is essential since they will continue to be a significant portion of the building stock for several decades.Net-zero is not limited to single buildings, and potential benefits of communityscale retrofit projects include greater economic viability and economies of scale.However, challenges faced by such projects include few demonstrations in practice, and the need of detailed analytical models to analyze techno-economic feasibility.Another challenge is the lack of consensus on formal net-zero definitions.This research was conducted to explore the feasibility and performance of retrofitting Canadian residential communities to net-zero, and the impact of netzero definition on design.To meet this objective, a new modelling approach was developed which builds upon the detailed and validated Canadian Hybrid Residential End-Use Energy and GHG Emissions Model (CHREM).A new Canadian residential appliance and lighting bottom-up model was developed and integrated into CHREM which realistically captures the behaviour, variability and aggregate electrical demands of communities.Building envelope retrofit models, ground-source heat pump (GSHP) space heating, and heat pump hot water models were incorporated into CHREM.A new methodology was developed to estimate the impact of envelope retrofits on airtightness.iii Retrofit community-scale energy systems considered included solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) systems, district heating and thermal energy storage, and microturbine cogeneration.Detailed models of these systems were developed in the TRNSYS energy simulation tool.An optimization algorithm was used to determine the cost-optimal net-zero solutions for representative residential communities.Commonly used site and source net-zero energy definitions were considered.The results indicate that deep envelope upgrades and PV and GSHP system retrofits have potential to achieve net-zero and significant GHG reductions.The results also indicate that site net-zero likely realizes more GHG reductions compare to source net-zero.It has been my pleasure to have spent the last few years working and studying at Carleton.I have learned and grown so much, and met so many kind, wonderful, and intelligent people.I am eternally grateful to my supervisors Dr. Ian Beausoleil-Morrison and Dr. V. Ismet Ugursal for taking me on as a student.Their mentorship, encouragement, and support in this endeavour has been incredible.While I am happy to be completing my studies,
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».