Development of an analytical method and survey of foods for furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran with estimated exposure Part A Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Furan has been found to form in foods during thermal processing. These findings, a classification of furan as a possibly carcinogenic to humans, and a limited amount of data on the concentration of furan in products on the Canadian market prompted the authors to conduct a survey of canned and jarred food products. Methyl analogues of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran, were analysed concurrently with furan via a newly developed isotope dilution method, as these analogues were detected in foods in the authors' earlier work and are likely to undergo a similar metabolic fate as furan itself. The paper reports data on 176 samples, including 17 samples of baby food. The vast majority of samples were packaged in cans or jars. Furan was detected above 1 ng g-1 in all non-baby food samples with a median of 28 ng g-1 and concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 1230 ng g-1. Also, 96% of these samples were found to contain 2-methylfuran above 1 ng g-1 with a median of 12.8 ng g-1 and a maximum concentration of 152 ng g-1, while 81% of samples were found to contain 3-methylfuran above 1 ng g-1 with a median of 6 ng g-1 and a maximum concentration of 151 ng g-1. Similarly, furan was detected above 1 ng g-1 in all baby food samples with a median of 66.2 ng g-1 and concentrations ranging from 8.5 to 331 ng g-1. Also, 100% of these samples were found to contain 2-methylfuran above 1 ng g-1 with a median of 8.7 ng g-1 and a maximum concentration of 50.2 ng g-1, while 65% of samples were found to contain 3-methylfuran above 1 ng g-1 with a median of 1.6 ng g-1 and a maximum concentration of 22.9 ng g-1. Additionally, three coffee samples were analysed 'as is', without brewing, and were found to have high levels of furans, especially 2-methylfuran, at a maximum of 8680 ng g-1. Using this data set, dietary exposures to furan and total furans were calculated. Average furan and total furan intakes by adults (>or=20 years) were estimated at approximately 0.37 and 0.71 µg kg-1 of body weight day-1 respectively.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».