Comprehensive Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Characterization of Former Professional Football Players: Implications for Neurorehabilitation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Objectives: With the overarching aim of identifying novel targets for neurorehabilitation, our objectives were to: (1) comprehensively characterize neuropsychiatric and cognitive functioning in high-functioning former professional football players with a focus on executive functioning; (2) distinguish concussion-related impairments from cohort characteristics unique to elite professional football players; and, (3) explore the relationship between executive function and neuropsychiatric impairments in this population. Participants: 61 high-functioning former professional football players and 31 age- and sex-matched control participants without history of concussion or participation in contact sports. Design: Between-groups analysis. Main measures: Neuropsychiatric. Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) clinical scales plus the Aggression treatment consideration scale; the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Cognitive. Comprehensive clinical neuropsychological battery assessing domains of verbal and visuospatial attention, speed of processing and memory; current and estimated pre-morbid IQ; and, executive functioning, including two novel measures for this population (i.e., response inhibition and intra-individual variability [IIV], a measure of consistency in responding). Results: (1) Compared to control participants, former professional football players scored significantly higher on the PAI’s Depression, Mania, and Aggression scales, and significantly lower on response inhibition. (2) Retired players with a higher concussion history (4 or more concussions; x̅=6.1), but not retired players with a lower concussion history (3 or fewer concussions; x̅=2.0), showed (i) significantly higher scores on the Depression scale, (ii) more MINI diagnoses overall and manic/hypomanic episodes specifically, and (iii) poorer executive function than control participants. (3) The relationships between concussion exposure and, (i) the PAI Mania scale and (ii) the PAI Aggression scale, respectively, were fully mediated by IIV; Depression on the PAI was partially mediated by IIV. Conclusions: In high-functioning former professional football players, impairments were observed in several neuropsychiatric domains and on experimental measures of executive function. Many findings were attributable to concussion history rather than to cohort characteristics. As inconsistency of responding) mediated relationships between concussion exposure and Mania, Aggression, and Depression (partially), it warrants further investigation; if it does increase vulnerability to expression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with a history of multiple concussions, this would constitute a novel and important treatment target.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».