Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Infancy: Associations with Breastfeeding and Childhood Overweight
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Overweight in childhood has been characterized by a distinct profile of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), derived from the gut microbial fermentation of dietary substrates. Overweight children are also less likely to be breastfed as infants. The study objective was to explore associations between fecal SCFA and infant diet at 3–4 months of age, as well as associations between fecal metabolites at 3–4 months of age and overweight status at age 3 years. Metabolic profiling (using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)) of fecal samples taken at 3–4 months from a subset of 118 infants enrolled in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Study (CHILD) general population cohort was conducted. Infant and maternal characteristics, including breastfeeding status at 3 months of age (none, partial breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding), were collected using standardized questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements taken at 3 years of age were used to classify children as normal weight (<85 th centile), at‐risk of overweight (≥85 th centile) or overweight/obese (≥97 th centile) according to BMI‐for‐age z‐scores. Seventy seven (65.3%) infants were classified as normal weight, 31 (26.3%) as at‐risk of overweight and 10 (8.5%) as overweight or obese at 3 years of age. 28.2% were exclusively breastfed, 45.3% were partially breastfed and 26.5% were not breastfed at 3–4 months of age. Exclusively breastfed infants had significantly lower fecal concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, butyrate, propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate compared to non‐breastfed infants and partially breastfed infants (p≤0.002; Mann Whitney U test adjusted for multiple comparisons). Exclusively breastfed infants had significantly higher acetate compared to non‐breastfed and partially breastfed infants when measured as a proportion of total SCFA concentration (p<0.001; Mann Whitney U test). There was a weak positive correlation between total SCFA concentration at 3–4 months of age and BMIz score at age 3 years (Spearman's rho 0.24, p=0.01). No correlation between SCFA and BMIz score was seen following stratification by breastfeeding status. Total SCFA concentrations were significantly higher in children classified as at risk of overweight, overweight or obese at 3 years compared to normal weight children. No significant differences in relative proportions of SCFA according to overweight status were observed. Odds of being at risk, overweight or obese at 3 years were over 3 times higher in infants with total SCFA or acetate concentrations in the 4 th quartile compared to 1 st quartile (OR 3.58 95% CI 1.13 to 11.37 and 3.23 95% CI 1.08 to 9.66 respectively). After adjustment for breastfeeding the effect was still evident but diminished (aOR 3.08 95% CI 0.85 to 11.12 and 2.83 95% CI 0.83 to 9.63 respectively). In preliminary analysis, significant differences in fecal SCFA concentrations were observed according to breastfeeding status at 3–4 months; concentrations of all SCFA were lower in exclusively breastfed infants compared to partially or non‐breastfed infants. Fecal SCFA in early life were predictive of overweight status at 3 years of age, but may be explained to an extent by breastfeeding. Nonetheless, fecal SCFA concentrations during infancy may provide a novel biomarker for childhood overweight risk. Support or Funding Information Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant #227312); Women and Children's Health Research Institute
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».