Real-time dynamics acquisition from irregular samples — With application to anesthesia evaluation
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Although most digital representations of information sources are obtained by uniform sampling of some continuous function representations, there are many important events for which only irregular data samples are available, including trading data of the financial market and various clinical data, such as the respiration signals hidden in ECG measurements. For such digital information sources, the only available effective smooth function interpolation scheme for digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion algorithms are mainly for offline applications. Hence, in order to adapt the powerful continuous-function mathematical approaches for real-time applications, it is necessary to introduce an effective D/A conversion scheme as well as to modify the desired continuous-function mathematical method for online implementation. The powerful signal processing tool to be discussed in this paper is the synchrosqueezed continuous wavelet transform (SST), which requires computation of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), as well as its derivative, of the analog signal of interest. An important application of this transform is to extract information, such as the underlying dynamics, hidden in the signal representation. The first objective of this paper is to introduce a unified approach to remove the two main obstacles for adapting the SST approach to irregular data samples in order to allow online computation. Firstly, for D/A conversion, a real-time algorithm, based on spline functions of arbitrarily desired order, is proposed to interpolate the irregular data samples, while preserving all polynomials of the same spline order, with assured maximum order of approximation. Secondly, for real-time dynamic information extraction from an oscillatory signal via SST, a family of vanishing-moment and minimum-supported spline-wavelets (to be called VM wavelets) are introduced for online computation of the CWT and its derivative. The second objective of this paper is to apply the proposed real-time algorithm and VM wavelets to clinical applications, particularly to the study of the “anesthetic depth” of a patient during surgery, with emphasis on analyzing two dynamic quantities: the “instantaneous frequencies” and the “non-rhythmic to rhythmic ratios” of the patient’s respiration, based on a one-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Indeed, the “R-peaks” of the ECG signal, which constitute a waveform landmark for clinical evaluation, are non-uniform samples of the respiratory signal. It is envisioned that the proposed algorithm and VM wavelets should enable real-time monitoring of “anesthetic depth”, during surgery, from the respiration signal via ECG measurement.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle