The Relative Association of Bio‐Medical and Socio‐Environmental Risk Factors with School‐Age Child Cognition in Indonesia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Child cognitive, motor, and socio‐emotional development is affected by multiple bio‐medical and socio‐environmental factors. A better understanding of the influence and interplay of these factors is needed to inform the strategic design and integration of child development programs with existing reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health (RMNCH) programs. We assessed the cognitive, motor, and socio‐emotional function of 2879 9–12‐year‐old children whose mothers had participated in the Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT). In multiple regression models, we assessed the relative effect size of seven bio‐medical risk factors and five socio‐environmental risk factors on each of seven cognitive, motor, and socio‐emotional scores. Six factors were measured before birth, two at birth, and four at school‐age follow‐up. The socio‐environmental factors showed stronger and more consistent associations with school‐age cognitive, motor, and socio‐emotional scores, as compared to the bio‐medical factors. Pre‐term birth, born small for gestation age, maternal anemia, and low maternal mid‐upper arm circumference and height during pregnancy were not significantly associated with any score. Child anemia at follow‐up was significantly associated with fine motor dexterity only. Children whose mothers received multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy and postpartum scored higher in procedural memory only. Post‐natal growth in height was significantly associated with general intellectual ability and academic achievement. In contrast, each of the socio‐environmental factors was significantly associated with three to five of the seven scores. Children in low SES households scored significantly lower in general intellectual ability, declarative memory, executive function, academic achievement, and fine motor dexterity. Both maternal and paternal education were associated with general intellectual ability, executive function, and academic achievement, while maternal education was also associated with declarative memory and fine motor dexterity. Nurturing and stimulation from the environment (HOME Inventory score) was significantly associated with general intellectual ability, declarative memory, executive function, academic achievement, and fine motor dexterity. Maternal depression was strongly associated with child socio‐emotional development, and was the only significant predictor of this score. Children of depressed mothers also scored lower in declarative memory. In order to achieve thriving populations, coverage of existing RMNCH interventions to prevent these bio‐medical conditions needs to be improved. Even with improved coverage of existing interventions, additional interventions addressing socio‐environmental risk factors are also needed. Support or Funding Information Funded by Grand Challenges Canada Saving Brains
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».