The Impact of Formula fortified with Milk Fat Globule Membrane on the Neonatal Intestine
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background Breastmilk provides the ideal nutrient source during development. However, in some cases it is not available in adequate amounts, if at all (especially following premature delivery), to the developing infant resulting in a need for formula feeding. As achieving appropriate growth during this early time is essential for proper development and protection from noxious stimuli, there is a need for the composition of formula to mimic that of breastmilk as closely as possible. Fat in breastmilk, a major source of energy for the newborn, contains a unique and very complex triple membrane structure referred to as the Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) resulting in strikingly large fat molecules (average size of 5μm in human milk). Surprisingly, the fat component in formula is derived from vegetable sources rather than MFGM, which differ greatly in size and composition. Interestingly, although studies in several adult models of infection and inflammation have attributed protective effects to MFGM supplementation, its role in the newborn intestine and its development has not thoroughly been explored. Objective To examine the effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) on postnatal development of the small intestine and colon. Methods Rat pups were artificially reared using the pup‐in‐a‐cup model to examine the effects of MFGM (1.2 or 6 mg/mL) supplementation on early intestinal development. Rat pups underwent gastronomy at postnatal day (PD) 5 and were supplemented with formula containing soy (control formula) or MFGM+soy until PD15, at which point they were euthanized along with mother reared littermates, resulting in three groups. Small (jeujunal, ileal) and large intestinal (distal colon) samples were collected for histological assessment and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Although no overt differences were noted in pup weight or overall length of the small or large intestine at PD15 between the three groups, histological assessment revealed significant changes in the epithelial architecture along the length of the intestine (jejunum, ileum and colon). MFGM supplementation resulted in significant dose dependent changes at the intestinal surface, resulting in crypt depths similar to those recorded in mother reared (MR) pups at PD15. IHC analysis of intestinal sections revealed similar positive staining between MFGM and MR pups for major cell types within the epithelium (goblet cells and enterocytes), rates of cell proliferation, and tight junction proteins. Conclusion MFGM normalizes many aspects of intestinal development similar to that observed in mother reared littermates. Its supplementation in formula may be beneficial in neonates who do not have access to breast milk, particularly pre‐term infants to accelerate intestinal development. Support or Funding Information Ganive Bhinder is funded by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Phd Studentship and University of British Columbia 4 year fellowship. Milk Fat Globule Membrane for this study was provided by Mead Johnson Nutrition.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».