Investigating the Effect of Hypnotherapy on Reducing Anxiety and Pain during Labor
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Majority of women go through levels of anxiety during pregnancy. In this respect, anxiety and fear of labor pain are among the most common causes for elective Cesarean-section as a preferred type of childbirth by pregnant women. However, Caesarean-section delivery as a surgical technique can be accompanied by adverse side effects and outcomes for mother-infant health. Thus, the use of non-pharmaceutical approaches moderating anxiety and pain during labor can be beneficial in promoting the health status of mothers and babies. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of hypnotherapy on reducing anxiety and pain during labor among pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study was an experimental research with a pre-test/posttest design comprised of experimental and control groups. Among the pregnant women referring to hospitals affiliated to Social Security Organization in Mazandaran Province, 30 nulliparous pregnant women with gestational age of 27-33 weeks were selected via convenience sampling method and then they were randomly designed to experimental and control groups of 15 individuals. The research instruments in this study included the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), McGill Pain Questionnaire (Index), as well as the Standard Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In addition to routine prenatal care for pregnant women in the experimental group, hypnotherapy was used for 8 sessions to reduce prenatal anxiety and then it was employed to moderate pain during labor as an analgesic. However, the control group only received routine prenatal care. The data were also analyzed using the SPSS software (version 25) and parametric test of Covariance (ANCOVA); independent t test and nonparametric U Mann Whitney</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Comparing the post-test state-trait anxiety in both control and experimental groups, it was found that hypnotherapy could reduce anxiety in pregnant women in the experimental group. Furthermore; comparing the variable of pain in the experimental and control groups revealed that the mean score of pain in the experimental group was lower than the significance level (p-value&lt;0.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that hypnotherapy was effective in reducing anxiety and pain during labor and it could be used as a non-pharmaceutical approach during pregnancy and childbirth care.</p>
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,020 | 0,013 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».