Patterns, Changes, and Trends in PrescriptionOpioid Dispensing in Canada, 2005–2016
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Levels of prescription opioid (PO) dispensing have been rising in Canada - also in global comparison - since the mid-2000s, and are co-occurring with extensive PO-related morbidity and mortality. Previous analyses have demonstrated correlations between PO dispensing and related harm levels, yet also distinct heterogeneous interprovincial PO-dispensing patterns, in regards to quantities and individual PO formulations. Several system-level interventions have been implemented recently (since 2012) to address high PO-use levels and related harms in Canada; the effects of these interventions on PO-dispensing levels remain largely unexamined. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to examine over-time patterns and trends of levels of PO dispensing quantitatively (in defined daily doses [DDDs]) for 'strong' and 'weak' opioids and qualitatively (by individual PO formulations) by province and Canada total, for the period of 2005-2016. METHODS: We examined annual PO-dispensing levels, by 'weak' and 'strong' POs (individual PO formulations, but excluding methadone), by province and for Canada total, from 2005-2016. Raw dispensing information for POs were obtained from IMSQuintiles CompuScript [new name: IQVIA], based on monthly retail dispensing data from a representative sample of community pharmacies covering about 80% of all dispensing episodes in Canada. These data were converted into annual dispensing values in DDDs (DDD/1,000 population/day), based on standard methodology, for the PO formulation groups of interest. Patterns and trends of 'strong' and 'weak' POs and individual PO formulations were examined descriptively, aided by segmented regression analyses to identify significant break-points in over-time trends. In addition, changes in 'strong'/'weak' PO dispensing ratios between 2005 and 2016 were examined. RESULTS: 'Weak' PO use remained largely stable across Canada over the study period. For 'strong' PO dispensing, half of the provinces featured consistent increases, while remaining provinces presented initial increases with subsequently reverting downward trends at divergent levels. Dispensing of individual 'strong' PO formulations varied interprovincially; specifically, substantial decreases for oxycodone co-occurred with increases in other 'strong' PO formulations. The dispensing ratios for 'strong'/'weak' POs increased significantly across jurisdictions between 2005 and 2016 (P < .05). LIMITATIONS: Retail pharmacy-based data do not cover the total - but the large majority - of PO dispensing in Canada. There are limitations to DDD/1,000 population/day as a comparative measurement unit for PO dispensing. The causal contribution of interventions associated with changes in PO dispensing observed cannot be verified with the data available. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneous trends for PO dispensing, driven mostly by variations in 'strong' PO use, continue to be observed provincially across Canada. Recent changes in PO dispensing are likely influenced by recent intervention efforts (e.g., PO de-scheduling, monitoring, guidelines) aiming to reduce PO-related harms, which, however, have shown limited impact on PO-dispensing levels to date. KEY WORDS: Opioids, prescribing, dispensing, interventions, policy, population, monitoring, Canada.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,012 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».