State-led Forced Migration in the Canadian Context: A Look into Canada’s Deportation Flights

This thesis contributes to existing literature on deportation in Canada byproviding a viapolitical analysis of how removals are realized in the settler-colonial Canadian context.Using empirical evidence obtained through access to information requests, media sources, activists and from select corporate documents produced by the Canada Border Services Agency and other actors, I argue that the wide-scale incorporation of airplane technology in contemporary deportation regimes has fundamentally reconfigured the way in which present-day expulsions are realized with the effect of partially sanitizing and legitimizing what was once considered a severe, often lethal penal practice comparable to the death penalty.For this reason, it can be said that seemingly benign aircrafts not only facilitate regular migration flows, they also double as politically-charged sites implicated in the violence of coercive expulsion.While the majority of removal practices are commonly, if only tacitly, accepted by the general public, others challenge the assumption that states always abide by the law.The normalization of 'air deportation' has also led to the emergence of new actors in removal operations: some are unwilling participants while others are driven by profit-incentives, enabling us to speak of the emergence of a distinct Canadian 'migration control industry' profiting from the business of air deportation.Migrants, their allies and a number of other affected actors have nonetheless developed innovative tactics to resist and dialectically reshape contemporary expulsions.Many of these acts of contestation target the very specificities and vulnerabilities of the deportation flight.

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