Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Fire Behaviour in Polyurethane Foams
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Due to the complex and varying nature of a flame and its products, the scaling of fire\nbehaviour has been a challenge in the area of fire science. The use of small-scale test data to\ninterpret full-scale fire behaviour is an area of ongoing research with potential savings for\nmanufacturers required by code to test products for large-scale fire behaviour. Polyurethane\nfoam was selected as the sample material for the research due to its widespread application in\nhome and office furniture and its potential to act as a fuel source in fires due to a high\nhydrocarbon content. The heart of the problem lies with predicting how much heat is released by\nthe fire and the rate at which flame spreads across the material. This research builds on previous\nUniversity of Saskatchewan research and seeks to provide a method to predict full-scale flame\nspread across a material. Additionally, methodologies such as the Combustion Behavior of\nUpholstered Furniture (CBUF) Model applied for full-scale heat release rate (HRR) predictions\nand Alpert’s correlation employed in predicting compartment temperatures are also evaluated.\nSmall-scale cone calorimeter tests which serve as input to the CBUF model were\nconducted for foam thickness of 2.5, 7.5 and 10 cm at incident heat fluxes of 5, 10, 15, 20, 35\nand 50 kW/m2. Separate small-scale tests were conducted on foams instrumented with\nthermocouples to measure temperatures on the surface and at depth. A numerical model was\nproposed to predict the surface temperatures and estimate the time to ignition of the small-scale\nfoam specimens. Full-scale compartment fire tests were conducted for centre and edge ignition at\nthe University of Waterloo Live Fire Facility. Compartment temperatures and flame areas were\nmeasured. A model was developed to predict flame spread based on the data collected from\nprevious University of Saskatchewan furniture calorimeter test.\nThe results of the flame spread model showed promise in predicting the area spread rates.\nThe model, however, did not capture some of the edge effects that occurred due to the flame\nreaching the foam boundaries. The area spread model was used within the CBUF model which\nsatisfactorily predicted the full-scale HRR. The HRR predictions were then applied to a modified\nversion of Alpert’s correlation which predicted ceiling jet temperatures accounting for the spread\nof flame. Predictions of ceiling jet temperatures made using Alpert’s correlation was improved\nby considering flame spread.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».