A fully integrated groundwater-surface-water model for southern Ontario: proof-of-concept and data release
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
A prototype groundwater-surface-water model for the southern Ontario Phanerozoic Basin Region has been developed with HydroGeoSphere (HGS), which provides a 3-dimensional, physics-based simulation of fully integrated groundwater - surface-water flow. To-date, the model has been tested for its ability to reproduce average monthly surface water flow rates and groundwater levels, and its sensitivity to spatial and temporal resolution. The utility of the model has been demonstrated through an assessment of groundwater extraction influences on regional groundwater levels, in order to showcase how it could be used to address water resources and hydrologic questions. The full model domain encompasses 109,565 km2, with approximately 79,000 km2 being land area and the remainder being surface water area within the Great Lakes. To facilitate the assessment of sensitivity to spatial resolution, low- and high-resolution versions of the model have been constructed, with surface water features resolved down to Strahler order 4 and Strahler order 3, respectively. The hydrostratigraphy in the model is constructed using recently released three-dimensional Paleozoic and Quaternary geological models, along with mapping that depicts depth to the base of high-sulphur content groundwater. In total, the respective low- and high-resolution models consist of 21 and 16 layers, and 874,398 and 2,127,760 3-dimensional finite element mesh nodes. Both models incorporate spatially distributed soil and landcover, and spatially and temporally distributed evapotranspiration. To assess model performance, 321 wells from the Provincial Groundwater Water Monitoring Network (PGMN) and 29 hydrometric stations from the Water Survey of Canada (WSC) were incorporated as validation targets. Simulation results show that both the low- and high-resolution versions of the model were able to capture the magnitude and seasonal variation in both groundwater levels and surface water flow rates. Given that the model was subjected to minimal calibration, this is a meaningful validation of its performance. Differences in performance between the low- and high-resolution versions were minimal for both the surface water flow rates and groundwater level results. However, with its higher spatial resolution and greater density of surface water features, the high-resolution version can be expected to provide a better representation of localized hydrologic processes. Conversely, with its faster run time, the low-resolution version will better facilitate large ensemble simulations, such as those associated with uncertainty or climate change analyses. Results demonstrate the feasibility and utility of a regional scale, fully-integrated hydrologic model for investigating important aspects of water resources. The model could evolve into a multi-objective groundwater/surface-water simulation tool for southern Ontario, wherein seasonal water balances and general trends in groundwater and surface water availability under climate change and anthropogenic influences within the Great Lakes Region can be quantitatively assessed.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».