Tourisme et changement social chez les Na de chine : étude comparée d'une coutume sexuelle : le séssé

This thesis proposes an approach to social change among the Na of China. Fieldwork was carried out in two Na villages during eleven and a half months from 2012 to 2014. The analysis is based on the study of the “touristic situation” which constitutes, as context and analysis framework, the guiding thread to capture the transformations of different areas of the social world. Two levels of analysis emerge: the house and personhood. The former as a basic social unit of the social organization determines both relatedness and sociality as well as social reproduction. The latter (personhood) puts in perspective the Na practices and narratives about their intimacies. The comparative approach, here preferred, is a methodology for restoring transformations from the point of view that the Na themselves consider significant. The thesis aims to highlight the new values and desires brought by the confrontation of individuals from different cultural, political and economic universes, against the background of dramatic expansion of the tourism business. It reconfigured both the economic actions of the house and the affects of the Na regarding the intimate relationship. In order to continue to prosper their house, the Na adapted to the market economy by reshaping the practices of mutual help and exchange that took part in the Na sociality. If forms of economics indigenization can be seen, the competition between houses on the tourist market transforms the very economics practices of these houses. New intimate arrangements are also part of these transformations. The new Na desires and affects show that sexual sociabilities, rather than depending on a collective social order and thus on the pragmatic needs and requirements of the house, are today thought of in terms of individual desires. The conducted ethnography thus demonstrates that new sexual dynamics recomposed the Na society, with consequent preference for conjugality, marriage or cohabitation. This thesis proposes to grasp the way in which the tourist situation has recomposed the practices and the desires to the point of reconfiguring the house and relatedness by the emergence of new economic strategies and new intimates’ economies. Through a dynamic anthropology of social change and an anthropological perspective of economics-politics, the thesis proposes an analysis framework that crosses social fields such as the house, relatedness, sexuality and tourism.

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