BASELINE CONCENTRATIONS OF CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN IN THE LAKE THUNDERBIRD WATERSHED, PLANNING FOR INDIRECT POTABLE REUSE IN OKLAHOMA
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The City of Norman, OK is planning an indirect potable reuse (IPR) project to augment their water supply. The IPR project involves transferring treated effluent from the Norman Water Reclamation Facility (NWRF) to Dave Blue Creek, which flows into Lake Thunderbird and acts as an environmental buffer. One of the major concerns for IPR projects is the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in recycled wastewater. CEC are broadly defined as chemicals that can potentially enter the environment, but that are not routinely monitored and could pose health risks to humans or ecology. The objectives of this thesis research are to analyze baseline CEC concentrations in the lake, evaluate periodic tendencies, compare results to previous CEC studies, and identify probable sources for the detected CEC. Stakeholders can use the results to assess the effectiveness of the environmental buffering, and design necessary advanced water treatment at the NWRF before the IPR project commences. \nFour water sampling events were completed at Lake Thunderbird in Norman, OK during 2016 and 2017 with each event representing a season. Water samples were collected at six lake sites and analyzed for 113 unique CEC including compounds in four categories: 1) industrials, 2) pesticides, 3) pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP), and 4) “others”. Sub-watersheds were delineated and loading factor models were developed for each sub-watershed to assess potential CEC contributions based on land use, density of domestic wells (as a proxy for density of septic tanks), and density of storage tanks. \nEight, 21, 24, and 24 CEC were detected in June 2016, October 2016, January 2017, and April 2017 samples, respectively. The compound NP was detected in fall, winter, and spring, making it the most frequently detected industrial compound. The pesticides atrazine and simazine were detected in every season, most likely because of year-round lawn or agricultural applications. Acesulfame-K (artificial sweetener) and DEET (insect repellant) were also detected in every season, those compound detections could be the result of runoff from residential areas or from recreational use of the lake. CEC are likely derived from seasonally variable sources, such as lawn applications and septic systems. Concentrations of atrazine, simazine, and 2, 4-D detected in Lake Thunderbird are well below EPA established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water. Nine other compounds detected in Lake Thunderbird are below non-federal health standards, available from the Minnesota Department of Health, which indicates that Lake Thunderbird water is likely safe for consumption with regard to CEC. \nComparison of Lake Thunderbird CEC concentrations to a microcosm study of Norman Water Reclamation Facility (NWRF) effluent in Dave Blue Creek sediment with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) indicate that the environmental buffering may sufficiently reduce concentrations of CEC before they reach Lake Thunderbird during the planned IPR project. Future investigations should define the half-life and health standards that are presently unavailable for the 113 CEC analyzed in this study. Additional investigation, sampling, and analysis of current NWRF effluent discharge and receiving waters of the Canadian River would be beneficial for documenting environmental buffering effects.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».