Appendix B: Timeline of the Energy Industry in Alberta

Initial NoteThe presence of hydrocarbons in Alberta dates back millions of years; however, the earliest recorded use of bitumen occurred about 300 years ago, and hydrocarbons were first used to generate energy in Alberta over a century ago.Pre-1715 560 million years B.C. À Plants absorbed solar energy and used it to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates such as sugar, starch and cellulose; these carbohydrates and other organic materials eventually settled on the ground and in streams, lakes, and sea beds and, as they became more deeply buried, were transformed by heat and pressure into solid, liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons known as fossil fuels.From 1715 to 1899 Year Event 1715 The first known reference to the Athabasca oil sands was made by Captain Swan, a Cree chief acting as a middleman between the native hunters of the West and the fur factories of Hudson Bay.Swan told Governor James Knight in council at York Fort in 1715 about a river feeding the Churchill River where he found 'Gum or pitch'.In 1719 Swan returned to York Fort, where Henry Kelsey had replaced Knight as governor.He gave Kelsey a sample of 'that Gum or pitch that flows out of the Banks of that River'.1788 Alexander Mackenzie wrote of bituminous seeps among Alberta's Athabasca tar sands, into which a six-metre pole could be inserted 'without the least resistance'.$ Quoted from www.energy.alberta.ca.The list of events may not include all major actions as it was developed based on announcements.Alberta Energy History http:// www.energy.alberta.ca/About_Us/3997.asp,provided as a summary by the Government of Alberta, the site does not endorse, authorise, approve, certify, maintain or control these external Internet addresses and does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of the information located at such addresses.1792 Coal was discovered in Alberta by fur trader, explorer, surveyor and mapmaker Peter Fidler with the Hudson's Bay Company.He made the discovery near Drumheller.1807 Coal gas was first used to light streetlamps in London, England.1821 Natural gas was piped through hollow logs to Fredonia, New York.1836 Coal gas was first used in streetlamps in Montreal, Que´bec.1841 Coal gas was first used in streetlamps in Toronto, Ontario.1842 Geological Survey of Canada was established to explore for coal and other minerals.1854 Abraham Gesner of Halifax, Nova Scotia, opened a plant in New York to convert coal into kerosene, a new synthetic lamp oil (which replaced whale oil), using his patented process of fractional distillation.1855 American chemist, Benjamin Silliman, applied fractional distillation to Pennsylvania rock oil (crude oil) and discovered it produces high-quality lamp oil (kerosene).1859 Natural gas was discovered in New Brunswick.1860s Entrepreneurs established small, primitive oil refineries in Ontario, eastern Europe, and the U.S.1866 James Miller Williams of Hamilton, Ontario, created the world's first vertically integrated oil company, combining all aspects of the business from exploration to retail sales into one company.1866 Natural gas was discovered in south-western Ontario.1870s Chemical engineer, Herman Frasch, invented a process to extract sulphur compounds from oil using copper oxide powder; until then, the foul smell of sulphur had prevented oil from being widely used as fuel.1874 Development of the first coal powered electricity generators near present-day Lethbridge, Alberta.1875 Geological Survey of Canada investigated Athabasca oil sands.1880 Sixteen producing and refining companies in Ontario merged to form the Imperial Oil Company.1883 Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) crew drilling for water accidentally discovered natural gas 55 km northwest of Medicine Hat, Alberta.The name of the site at the time was Langevin Siding.By 1910 it was called Carlstadt, and after World War I, the name was changed again to Alderson.

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