Panel 2: How Are Laws Applied and Detention Practices Reformed?Litigation: Taking Cases and Those Responsible to Court
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
thank you and good morning. i’d like to sPeak about the right to a remedy and access to Justice in u.s. courts for victims of the “extraordinary rendition” program, which, as I will explain, is in effect a program established by the Bush administration to facilitate forced disappearances and torture and to attempt to evade accountability for these egregious human rights abuses. There is no dispute now, that the U.S. is the home of the “extraordinary rendition” program. This is supported by credible testimony from victims of the program, widespread media reporting – we’ve even got books on the evolution and operation of the program. There have been criminal investigations outside the United States into the operations of the CIA in European nations. And there have been public inquiries in Europe and Canada into the operation of the program. And, most importantly, there has been official acknowledgement by former President Bush and more recently President Obama of the existence of the detention and interrogation program run by the United States. Yet today, despite these admissions and investigations, there has been no criminal investigation conducted in the United States into the program’s operation or those persons responsible. Nor to date has there been any form of effective Congressional oversight of the program and those persons involved. In the absence of such criminal investigation and prosecution or effective Congressional oversight, U.S. advocates, including the ACLU, concerned about the program’s operation, seeking to bring it to an end, and to secure accountability of those involved (including redress for many known victims of the program) have resorted to civil suits in U.S. courts. From this litigation, it has become apparent, that although on paper, legal mechanisms exist in the U.S. legal system to achieve accountability, advocates in practice have encountered significant obstacles in bringing these lawsuits. Today, I want to address in detail one of those impediments; the so-called “state secrets privilege” and touch briefly upon another of those obstacles; claims to governmental immunity. So, just to make sure that we’re all on the same page, what exactly is the “extraordinary rendition” program? Based upon the accounts of those that have come out the other end of the program, there are four common elements to “extraordinary rendition.” First, you have the apprehension of a person – a foreign national – suspected of involvement in terrorist-related activities, outside the United States. The apprehension is usually carried out by the CIA; the government agency that has taken the Panel 2: How Are Laws Applied and Detention Practices Reformed?
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».