Politics, Race, Religion, and Gender: An Examination of the Perilous Political Environment Faced by Politicians of Color Since the Age of Obama
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Racism comes in many forms, and many individuals find themselves susceptible to the taunts and hostilities of others based on race, gender, and religious beliefs. During the candidacy and presidency of former American President Barack Obama, racial opposition faced him from not only a number of political opponents, but also from the general public. Being the first viable African American presidential aspirant, he received international attention, and was the recipient of ongoing racist remarks and commentary. The behavior began upon his announcing his candidacy in 2007, and lasted throughout his eight years in office. Infuriatingly, but not surprisingly, the arrival of the subsequent president and his followers has exacerbated any lingering hostilities, instead of suppressing them. This attitude of rejection continues to appear in other nations. Politically aware, global citizens recognize potential leaders within other countries, as it is necessary to know who may be directing the future of that country, and who may be the decision-maker in terms of future international support and potential negotiations. The current Canadian election for the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP), for example, has received pointed attention recently due to the campaign of one particular candidate of color, due to both his race and religion. Jagmeet Singh, a 38 year-old lawyer from Ontario emerged as an area leader in 2011, after receiving his title as Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP), following a local race. In mid-2017, after having served in this capacity for a number of years, as well as serving in the position of deputy leader of the Ontario NDP, Singh announced his intention to vacate his deputy's seat, and run for the federal leadership of the party. During his political career, Singh's being Punjabi Indian, and a devout Sikh, has gained him a number of supporters and stalwart defenders, while simultaneously bringing attention from those who are neither accepting of his heritage/race, nor willing to respect his candidacies. In early September 2017, while delivering a campaign speech at a meet-and-greet in Brampton, Ontario, where he currently resides, Singh was callously interrupted by a heckler. The heckler screamed at Singh repeatedly, urging him to not inflict Sharia Law on the society—a practice which is that of some followers of Islam, not Sikhs—and accused him of being a supporter of the Muslim Brotherhood. The rudeness of her behavior, and the misconceptions about Singh's background were reminiscent of the contentions levied against candidate and President Obama, and the discourtesy with which he was treated for so many years. This paper will seek to examine historic hardships of politicians of color, including President Obama, Canadian Candidate Singh, and other recent political contenders. The racial discrimination and bigotry imposed against them, as well as the beliefs of the ill-informed perpetrators and their principles, will be discussed. The differences in the treatment/conduct of politicians of color will be examined, in addition to their successes/failures possibly based upon their race alone, against that of politicians who are traditionally persons of European ancestry. The current political climate, and behaviors of those opposing the advancement of people of color, is similar to that of the period following Reconstruction, and has only been amplified following the 2016 American presidential election. Racism and racist incidents have increased since the event, and a possible connection between the behaviors being demonstrated in the United States, and our neighboring country of Canada, in particular, will be carefully scrutinized.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,008 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».