Odd Man Out: How Stephen Harper Changed Canada's Relations with the United Nations
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Since coming to power in 2006, Prime Minister Stephen Harper has changed how Canada views the world, and how the world views Canada.This is evident through Canada's strained relations with the United Nations.He has shown disdain for the UN treaty process, including the Arms Trade Treaty, the Convention to Combat Desertification, and the Convention on Cluster Munitions.He used the UN umbrella to court support for his Maternal, Newborn Child Health initiatives, masking an overall cut in development spending.The UN has served as his government's main battleground to bring Canada closer to Israel than before.A combination of political ideology and domestic political necessity lies behind this new foreign policy direction.That has meant smashing the brand of past Liberal governments and crafting policies that can appeal to Harper's core base, while attempting to attract other more mainstream supporters.iii Harper's first major overseas trip -a major multilateral summit, and two stops in the capitals of Canada's two closest European allies.Harper doesn't have a lot of international experience, and there wasn't much foreign policy talk in the election campaign that brought him to power earlier in the year.Eventually Harper emerges from the front of the plane and finds his way to us, pausing in an aisle as we crane over the seats to get close to him.He has removed his contact lenses in favour of wire-rimmed glasses.He looks me in the eye, and I ask him if he thinks Israel has acted in a disproportionate manner as the leaders of France and Russia, for instance, were saying just hours earlier.He speaks for three minutes in all, gives his answers, and departs.We all drop back into our seats, don our headphones and start transcribing.Harper's words will be widely reported hours later when his plane touches down in London.These comments will represent his first line in the sand to distinguish Canada's position in the world under his leadership.Harper calls the massive Israeli bombardment after the kidnapping of its soldiers a "measured response."(Blanchfield "Harper stands") Harper's comment marks the beginning of what has been a nearly decade-long discussion about how he sees the world -and what this means for Canada's place in it.From that moment on, there develops an overwhelming sense that something has changed in Canadian foreign policy.It's not that previous Liberal and Progressive Conservative governments weren't pro-Israeli.It's just that Harper's characterization immediately struck many as taking sides in the decades-old, intractable Israeli-Palestinian conflict.It also marked the beginning of a discussion -one that continues to this day -about
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,042 | 0,014 |
| Communication savante | 0,014 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,011 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».