ЮРИДИЧНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВІДНОСИН У СФЕРІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЕКТАМИ ПУБЛІЧНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА У СВІТІ
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background. This article is devoted to the researching of PPP’s projects management models (world experience) and development of ways concerning settlement of management’s legislative problems. Methods. Methodological basis of the research is a set of theoretical and methodological means of comprehension of social phenomena and processes, which is predetermined by the purpose and peculiarities of the problem under study, as well as the general principles of scientific knowledge, approaches and methods traditionally related to the methodological apparatus of the humanities. As a result, the methodological basis of the study included methods as follows: dialectical, formal-logical methods, the method of legal comparison, the method of system analysis, the method of legal modeling, the interdisciplinary method of legal research and some others. With the help of the dialectical method, the peculiarities of the PPP projects legal nature were researched. The formal-logical method facilitated in studying of legal regulation of PPP models, the justification of the directions and prospects for their further settlement. The method of legal comparison was used for the comparative characteristic of the PPP projects implementation in Ukraine and in foreign countries such as Canada, Austria, Belgium, Argentina, Mexico and others. Application of the method of system analysis allowed to consider specific elements of PPP legal relations comprehensively and objectively, to distinguish the problems of legal regulation and to develop ways of their solution. The methods of legal modeling and the interdisciplinary method of legal research were used to develop draft of relevant legal acts, definition of PPP project etc. Results. The necessity of the development and adoption of the special codified Law – the Code of PPP relations is substantiated, also the Typical structure of this Code is proposed. An international practice of PPP projects realization is analyzed and the necessity of the advanced world experience’s implementation in the field of PPP is proved. Besides the Code should contain legal provisions concerning the most prevalent models of PPP as follows: BOT (Build – Operate-Transfer), DBFO (Design – Build – Finance – Operate), Concessions of different types (including commercial concessions), public procurements and so on. It is substantiated that the sponsors or creditors are mandatory participants of PPP projects in most cases. So it must be implemented so-called “the right to intervene” into PPP project for such members. Also the author describes peculiarities of this right’s implementation. Financial balance of PPP project should be the basic element of PPP agreement in any case. With that when choosing the type of PPP project’s financing (carried out by the public sector or private), the key role is played by the fact in which case the “value for money” ratio will be optimal. The procedure of private partner’s choosing must be unified independently of PPP direction (concessions, public procurements etc.). Also it is proved that under the PPP projects (corporate form) realization there is strong need to use special economically-operative technologies, for instance, public buyout of shares by a public partner of a company established by private individuals, that is, the organization of a “special purpose” company. In particular, after winning a concession (obtaining a concession), the concessionaire will have the right to establish the appropriate company with the status of a legal entity that will act with the same functions and the purpose of which will be to achieve the same results. In this case, the mode of obtaining international grants or payments by such a company, the rules of liability of shareholder partners and investor shareholders, the relationship of the company with credit institutions (in particular, banks) should be fixed. Also the author proposes the definition of PPP project, highlights international experience in commercial/innovative PPP projects realization, particularities of PPP agreement and so on. Conclusions. Currently, the PPP in the areas of infrastructure networks’ construction and operation, also in areas of public services is developing rapidly and is of increasing interest in the world. However, the absence of a sufficient scientific study of a specific PPP project’s implementation significantly slows down this development. Taking into account the foregoing, the conducted scientific study of the issues covered in this paper allows us to assert the relevance and practical necessity of making scientific articles on the topic of PPP.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,018 | 0,006 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».