Cross-border trade in services under modern EU trade agreements : An example: Boosting Finnish trade in services
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
International trade has taken centre stage in the international politics, with even trade wars making headlines. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is failing due to the suspension of the Doha-round negotiations and its Appellate Body being rendered inoperative. This has meant that the focus of trade negotiations has shifted more towards the bi- and plurilateral level discussions. These new generation trade agreements include the liberalisation of services, a sector which has been one of the latest and perhaps most difficult fields to liberalise. This study takes the Finnish services trade under the Comprehensive Trade and Economic Agreement (CETA) as an example case in point. As far as trade agreements go, CETA, the mega-regional trade agreement between the EU and Canada has been a trail blazer: the first one to come into force and start to take effect. It extensively liberalises trade in services. \n \nThe aim of this study is to find out how new generation EU trade agreements can promote Finnish trade in services. The theory section reviews literature on trade policy and trade in services and draws together a framework useful for the purpose of this study. The applied research approach was a qualitative one, since the researcher wanted to understand an ongoing phenomenon more deeply. Both primary expert interviews and secondary textual data were used as source of information for a qualitative thematic analysis. \n \nThe main results are focused on how the agreements can be foreseen to benefit companies. The potential for new trade in services that EU trade agreements grant for European (and Finnish) companies is significant and the Canadian market can serve as a pilot for other destinations. The economic impact on Finnish companies’ service exports would seem to be limited as Canada is not among Finland’s biggest trade partners. That could change, however, as the countries have a lot in common. The responsibility for taking advantage of these freshly negotiated comprehensive preferential trade agreements (PTAs) lies in the hands of companies, as the benefits of preferential trade agreements do not take effect automatically. The key in being able to exploit the new opportunities is providing the right advice and easily available support and guidance for companies. For that, cooperation on the EU and national levels are needed, as well as pooling the knowledge of the public and the private sector.
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Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».