Effect of feedback and target size on eye gaze accuracy in an off-screen task
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
PURPOSE: Eye gaze interfaces have been used by people with severe physical impairment to interact with various assistive technologies. If used to control robots, it would be beneficial if individuals could gaze directly at targets in the physical environment rather than have to switch their gaze between a screen with representations of robot commands and the physical environment to see the response of their selection. By using a homogeneous transformation technique, eye gaze coordinates can be mapped between the reference coordinate frame of eye tracker and the coordinate frame of objects in the physical environment. Feedback about where the eye tracker has determined the eye gaze is fixated is needed so users can select targets more accurately. Screen-based assistive technologies can use visual feedback, but in a physical environment, other forms of feedback need to be examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, an eye gaze system with different feedback conditions (i.e., visual, auditory, vibrotactile, and no-feedback) was tested when participants received visual feedback on a display (on-screen) and when looking directly at the physical environment (off-screen). Target selection tasks in both screen conditions were performed by ten non-disabled adults, three non-disabled children, and two adults and one child with cerebral palsy. RESULTS: Tasks performed with gaze fixation feedback modalities were accomplished faster and with higher success than tasks performed without feedback, and similar results were observed in both screen conditions. No significant difference was observed in performance across the feedback modalities, but participants had personal preferences. CONCLUSION: The homogeneous transformation technique enabled the use of a stationary eye tracker to select target objects in the physical environment, and auditory and vibrotactile feedback enabled participants to be more accurate selecting targets than without it.Implications for RehabilitationBeing able to select target objects in the physical environment by eye gaze could make it easier for children with disabilities to control assistive robots, because in this way they do not have to change their focus between a computer screen with commands and the robot.Providing auditory or vibrotactile feedback when using an eye gaze system made it faster and easier to know if a target was being gazed upon.Being able to select targets in the environment using eye gaze could be beneficial for other assistive technology, too, such as destination selection for power wheelchairs.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,007 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».