Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference

The worldwide burden of kidney disease is rising, but public awareness remains limited, underscoring the need for more effective communication by stakeholders in the kidney health community. Despite this need for clarity, the nomenclature for describing kidney function and disease lacks uniformity. In June 2019, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) convened a Consensus Conference with the goal of standardizing and refining the nomenclature used in the English language to describe kidney function and disease, and of developing a glossary that could be used in scientific publications. Guiding principles of the conference were that the revised nomenclature should be patient-centered, precise, and consistent with nomenclature used in the KDIGO guidelines. Conference attendees reached general consensus on the following recommendations: (i) to use “kidney“ rather than “renal” or “nephro-” when referring to kidney disease and kidney function; (ii) to use “kidney failure” with appropriate descriptions of presence or absence of symptoms, signs, and treatment, rather than “end-stage kidney disease”; (iii) to use the KDIGO definition and classification of acute kidney diseases and disorders (AKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), rather than alternative descriptions, to define and classify severity of AKD and AKI; (iv) to use the KDIGO definition and classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) rather than alternative descriptions to define and classify severity of CKD; and (v) to use specific kidney measures, such as albuminuria or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), rather than “abnormal” or “reduced” kidney function to describe alterations in kidney structure and function. A proposed 5-part glossary contains specific items for which there was general agreement. Conference attendees acknowledged limitations of the recommendations and glossary, but they considered standardization of scientific nomenclature to be essential for improving communication. The worldwide burden of kidney disease is rising, but public awareness remains limited, underscoring the need for more effective communication by stakeholders in the kidney health community. Despite this need for clarity, the nomenclature for describing kidney function and disease lacks uniformity. In June 2019, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) convened a Consensus Conference with the goal of standardizing and refining the nomenclature used in the English language to describe kidney function and disease, and of developing a glossary that could be used in scientific publications. Guiding principles of the conference were that the revised nomenclature should be patient-centered, precise, and consistent with nomenclature used in the KDIGO guidelines. Conference attendees reached general consensus on the following recommendations: (i) to use “kidney“ rather than “renal” or “nephro-” when referring to kidney disease and kidney function; (ii) to use “kidney failure” with appropriate descriptions of presence or absence of symptoms, signs, and treatment, rather than “end-stage kidney disease”; (iii) to use the KDIGO definition and classification of acute kidney diseases and disorders (AKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), rather than alternative descriptions, to define and classify severity of AKD and AKI; (iv) to use the KDIGO definition and classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) rather than alternative descriptions to define and classify severity of CKD; and (v) to use specific kidney measures, such as albuminuria or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), rather than “abnormal” or “reduced” kidney function to describe alterations in kidney structure and function. A proposed 5-part glossary contains specific items for which there was general agreement. Conference attendees acknowledged limitations of the recommendations and glossary, but they considered standardization of scientific nomenclature to be essential for improving communication. The worldwide burden of kidney disease is rising, but public awareness remains limited, underscoring the need for effective communication by stakeholders in the kidney health community.1Plantinga L.C. Boulware L.E. Coresh J. et al.Patient awareness of chronic kidney disease: trends and predictors.Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168: 2268-2275Crossref PubMed Scopus (227) Google Scholar, 2Saran R. Robinson B. Abbott K.C. et al.US Renal Data System 2018 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States.Am J Kidney Dis. 2019; 73: A7-A8Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (513) Google Scholar, 3James S.L. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.Lancet. 2018; 392: 1789-1858Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (6082) Google Scholar, 4Global Burden of Disease 2017 Causes of Death CollaboratorsGlobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.Lancet. 2018; 392: 1736-1788Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (3582) Google Scholar Despite this need for clarity, the nomenclature for describing kidney function and disease lacks uniformity. Two decades ago, a survey of hundreds of published articles and meeting abstracts reported a broad array of overlapping, confusing terms for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and advocated adoption of unambiguous terminology.5Hsu C.Y. Chertow G.M. Chronic renal confusion: insufficiency, failure, dysfunction, or disease.Am J Kidney Dis. 2000; 36: 415-418Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (114) Google Scholar Nevertheless, terms flagged by that analysis as problematic, such as “chronic renal failure” and “pre-dialysis,” still appear in current-day publications. A coherent, shared nomenclature could influence communication at all levels, including not only greater appreciation of the burden of disease, but also improved understanding about how patients feel about their disease, more effective communication between kidney disease specialists and other clinicians, more straightforward comparison and integration of datasets, better recognition of gaps in knowledge for future research, and more comprehensive public health policies for acute and chronic kidney disease. The international organization Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) has developed guidelines promulgating definitions and classifications for acute kidney injury (AKI), acute kidney diseases and disorders (AKD), and CKD, and guidelines for their evaluation and management.6Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work GroupKDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.Kidney Int Suppl. 2012; 2: 1-138Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (2007) Google Scholar,7Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work GroupKDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3: 1-150Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1596) Google Scholar Developing consistent, patient-centered, and precise descriptions of kidney function and disease in the scientific literature is an important objective that KDIGO is now pursuing to align communication in clinical practice, research, and public health. Although some terms have been in use for decades, the increased exchange of information among stakeholders makes it timely to revisit nomenclature in order to ensure consistency. The goal is to facilitate communication within and across disciplines and between practitioner and patient communities, to ultimately improve outcomes through clarity and precision. In June 2019, KDIGO convened a Consensus Conference with the goal of standardizing and refining the nomenclature used in English-language scientific articles to describe kidney function and disease, and developing a glossary that could be used by journals. Prior to the conference, KDIGO posted an announcement of the conference on its website, including the Scope of Work and requested public comment.8Kidney Disease: International Global OutcomesConsensus Conference on Nomenclature for Kidney Function & Disease.https://kdigo.org/conferences/nomenclature/Date Scholar at the conference of kidney kidney at general and other of clinical kidney health research, and Guiding principles of the conference were that the revised nomenclature should be patient-centered, precise, and consistent with nomenclature used in the KDIGO guidelines The on general of acute and chronic kidney disease and kidney measures, rather than specific kidney diseases and of function and The Scope of Work developed to the conference a of for of causes of kidney disease and measures, and for and were considered the of of the and and and the nomenclature to describe kidney function and on general of acute and chronic kidney disease and general kidney measures, rather than specific kidney diseases and specific of function and for “renal” or and definitions and other descriptions of disease and disease kidney and of “kidney with KDIGO guideline to that articles in the English-language literature should rather than “renal” or “nephro-” when referring to kidney disease and kidney failure” with appropriate descriptions of presence or absence of symptoms, signs, and rather than definition and classification of AKD and rather than alternative descriptions to define and classify severity of AKD and definition and classification of CKD rather than alternative descriptions to define and classify severity of kidney as albuminuria or decreased rather than “abnormal” or “reduced” kidney function to describe alterations in kidney structure and acute kidney diseases and acute kidney CKD, chronic kidney glomerular filtration Kidney Disease: Improving Global in a acute kidney diseases and acute kidney CKD, chronic kidney glomerular filtration Kidney Disease: Improving Global Prior KDIGO have been but is about the of terms used to describe kidney function and disease on have kidney disease. KDIGO a of patient and on the to the conference of which the and the reported et and on terms used to describe kidney health of J Scholar KDIGO a survey of attendees to the conference, of which and their Nomenclature is as for specific and in the has the of international et of A for and Google Scholar The of nomenclature the of an of some be to that be more or Nomenclature be consistent with knowledge and to for the but to with in the et of A for and Google Scholar The KDIGO guidelines define kidney disease as or of the that have for and classify kidney disease to severity of and and Coresh J. et of kidney disease: to health 2013; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google and classification of kidney J Kidney Dis. 2013; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar A other have proposed J. et proposed nomenclature and for in acute and chronic kidney disease.Kidney 2008; 73: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, et for renal in acute kidney PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, et and disease of the a of the on Nomenclature and on of PubMed Google Scholar, S.L. et kidney disease: and KDIGO consensus Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar but have been on specific diseases or standardization have a or A nomenclature for of the The Renal of the International of Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar The of the and used for in recommendations nomenclature for kidney disease and function in the at the of the of Scholar kidney have nomenclature but not they shared among journals. Conference attendees that the KDIGO guideline for definitions and classifications of acute and chronic kidney disease the for nomenclature standardization Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work GroupKDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.Kidney Int Suppl. 2012; 2: 1-138Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (2007) Google Scholar,7Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work GroupKDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3: 1-150Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1596) Google Scholar The and of the of as that is and patient and and that patient all clinical on the of in the United of the A System for the Scholar of the general principles for of the health is that is shared and information should have to their information and to clinical and patients should and is some that is in G.M. in the use of and language in the of 2019; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar In the terms used to describe kidney function and disease should be to with of in the of health of terms with to as use of terms that the future as rather than describe the A general definition of is or of of Scholar is and is a in which be to a that more precise management of clinical The in which a is to the clinical and has and in In the Kidney by the of to and kidney with or CKD; a kidney define disease and and that for Scholar has in it is that that in disease descriptions be nomenclature for kidney function and disease, rather than it A of with CKD and the United United and in and by to terms and used for kidney health. The of analysis the and to nomenclature for CKD et and on terms used to describe kidney health of J Scholar to the conference, a for use of the rather than it is more and of use of the it causes of the and is The “kidney failure” to be it still more clarity about the severity of disease and including descriptions, with the understanding that they need to the of the future it is important to in and and with kidney disease and their and patients with with acute kidney patient and a of analysis of patients with chronic kidney disease across all and the United United and and by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes to to terms and used for kidney and of the in or and and of by by by in to of the of kidney with and and need for and for terms for a of analysis of patients with chronic kidney disease across all and the United United and and by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes to to terms and used for kidney et and on terms used to describe kidney health of J Scholar in a A of the to the Scope of the Work and a survey of attendees to the conference general with the goal of standardizing some of the that a nomenclature for kidney function and disease their and that the language in should that used when with important to were in were that they the to nomenclature in to the of of public and with goal of standardizing with of of terms and of to definitions as confusing and to that a nomenclature in and between terms used in and patient to be an important but not the need for and that a more nomenclature for kidney disease be for their but they of to be the to of “renal” with that be for patients and their a greater of and public with consistent use of a “renal” be in some and be in as a with as a of kidney that this be and for the of death to be by in its use a for patients to a of patients with kidney with or kidney of the need for to nomenclature that standardization of nomenclature is on of consensus definitions in or more standardization of that nomenclature be adoption of definitions the need for with that improved understanding of to definitions and for & renal disease. with goal of standardizing with of of terms and of to definitions as confusing and to that a nomenclature in and between terms used in and patient to be an important but not the need for and that a more nomenclature for kidney disease be for their but they of to be the to of “renal” with that be for patients and their a greater of and public with consistent use of a “renal” be in some and be in as a with as a of kidney that this be and for the of death to be by in its use a for patients to a of patients with kidney with or kidney of the need for to nomenclature that standardization of nomenclature is on of consensus definitions in or more standardization of that nomenclature be adoption of definitions the need for with that improved understanding of to definitions and nomenclature for & renal disease. Conference attendees reached general consensus for of the a proposed glossary contains and specific items on which there was general among conference the glossary descriptions, and terms to with that which of the recommendations to and that when and how to terms to be consistent with nomenclature for other of the use of glossary terms in the at the conference and of Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) kidney function and disease terms to describe kidney function and kidney disease and and and when to to Kidney function and should be used when describing kidney disease and kidney with the “nephro-” in the of specific or Kidney the of acute kidney diseases and disorders and chronic kidney in the of specific Kidney the of and of the should not be with glomerular filtration rate function when describing specific renal renal kidney to of kidney which should be kidney to of kidney which should be insufficiency, kidney function in with kidney is Although it is used in the of this could be used to to kidney function in kidney renal function Kidney the of and of the by and of injury and structure when describing specific within the such as kidney to of kidney which should be kidney to of kidney which should be Causes of kidney of and CKD should be be or for and of should be should not be only presence of as and when to to Kidney or by is renal disease kidney disease renal insufficiency, kidney injury be revised by KDIGO guideline renal renal insufficiency, renal chronic renal chronic chronic insufficiency, kidney and or and with and be with of and with kidney not a for be revised by KDIGO AKD consensus is and by by to for CKD; also be to as to for acute terms acute and chronic to of kidney disease rather than of and or or kidney or kidney with by or CKD for should be is is not not kidney comprehensive is definition is comprehensive is comprehensive is not not and when to to Acute kidney diseases and disorders (AKD) and acute kidney injury recognition of renal acute renal Acute kidney be revised by KDIGO AKD consensus or or of kidney for or in by or in by for Acute kidney definition is a of for in by in or by in classification by and rather than a patient with to classification to all including and KDIGO classification definition only to with and when to to Chronic kidney disease renal insufficiency, or of kidney for insufficiency, and when to to CKD classification by and albuminuria for definitions of and A a patient with CKD to or a with CKD of that CKD classification is only to with CKD, a patient could not be as there was other of kidney CKD; CKD rather than of not or CKD, CKD CKD definitions to on the to to to to CKD to or not is not consensus on use of specific terms to describe the or rate of of specific terms should be in be for other which not be considered as CKD CKD to improving or on disease. of specific terms should be in and when to to Kidney to with or kidney and improve filtration rate and and not filtration be or glomerular filtration and filtration should be in glomerular filtration and and filtration and should be in glomerular filtration and be be or and should be in and and should be in use in describing of the presence or absence of kidney for be to increased or by of is but not this is used as an or the be of is as the between and function and as for should be in of or or for or of for should be in for should be in of or or for or of for should be in and use in describing albuminuria or of the presence or absence of kidney disease increased to increased to increased increased clinical be revised by KDIGO guideline with or as by the presence of and in function is to or to is to or to of of acute kidney diseases and acute kidney Acute Kidney Injury acute renal acute renal acute CKD, chronic kidney CKD Epidemiology kidney glomerular filtration kidney kidney renal renal glomerular filtration Kidney Disease: Improving Global kidney with kidney kidney of in Renal CKD; CKD; renal renal of kidney and kidney and when to be revised by KDIGO guideline be revised by KDIGO AKD consensus be revised by KDIGO guideline in a acute kidney diseases and acute kidney Acute Kidney Injury acute renal acute renal acute CKD, chronic kidney CKD Epidemiology kidney glomerular filtration kidney kidney renal renal glomerular filtration Kidney Disease: Improving Global kidney with kidney kidney of in Renal CKD; CKD; renal renal of kidney and kidney that it be to use the rather than “renal” or the “nephro-” for general descriptions of kidney disease and function practice be in with patient in the The is that for English-language is more than “renal” and which to be used in more In it is and a rather than terms is to specific kidney or the terms or to be acknowledged that English is not the language for of in the English-language should that with be in this rather than for within a Although classification of of kidney disease was not attendees that the of and CKD should be as or and that the for and of should be should not be only the presence of for it should not be that CKD in with is to were in their that use of the should be for describing a of kidney disease or in that The is that the is not or for in the United renal disease is in as a in which a on a to the need for a of or a kidney to to on on the of for all not only to the kidney for and renal disease Scholar In it to an to for a rather than the the is used to describe patients with CKD by or and not to with the not treatment, by of recognition of the disease, or of the as in the patient and it not define a of for years with it that the of is and it be with a in not at the of In the chronic the “kidney failure” was as in the KDIGO CKD guideline filtration rate or by with symptoms, and Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work GroupKDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.Kidney Int Suppl. 2012; 2: 1-138Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (2007) Google Scholar,7Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work GroupKDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3: 1-150Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1596) Google Scholar In the acute conference attendees with disease severity by and treatment, but they not consensus on use of the “kidney failure” rather than or use of “kidney for all of it be appropriate for to be in with the of the KDIGO Disease: International Global Conference on Acute Kidney 2019; Scholar Conference attendees that and of kidney or the be and and there or to was as for research, with the that it be in the future to classify kidney by the presence or absence of and The KDIGO Conference in Chronic Kidney Disease use of the for not to but to for of kidney et of the KDIGO Conference on in Chronic Kidney Disease: developing a to improving Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar also an that could be used of with was considered to be consistent with the attendees the that of this in nomenclature not the to in the United and that the KDIGO definition and classification for should be used rather than the definitions to the classification and the Acute Kidney Injury which were by the 2012 KDIGO guideline Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work GroupKDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.Kidney Int Suppl. 2012; 2: 1-138Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (2007) Google Scholar for a in by an in or within to with the severity of by the severity of in or for of kidney for as for CKD is that the for only in and of and its severity the of in is in other for AKD were proposed in the 2012 KDIGO they of kidney or for classification by AKD but it also disorders by of kidney such as and in which the rate of in is not as as in that AKD is more than et and of acute kidney diseases and disorders an to in a health 2019; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar definitions of and AKD were proposed by the Acute Conference in R. et kidney disease and renal consensus of the Acute Disease PubMed Scopus Google Scholar that the AKD definition to be consistent with the definitions of and CKD is a and this be the for a future KDIGO Consensus that the KDIGO definition and classification for CKD should be used rather than other definitions The for of kidney or for the CKD Kidney clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: and J Kidney Dis. Google Scholar The classification of CKD was by the 2012 KDIGO CKD guideline to of disease, of and of albuminuria as the rather than used in the Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work GroupKDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3: 1-150Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1596) Google Kidney clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: and J Kidney Dis. Google Scholar The albuminuria and have been to their with for outcomes and kidney and CKD as a Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work GroupKDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3: 1-150Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1596) Google Scholar The guideline specific terms for of and of CKD, its and is not The terms and not and their use is not they should be in the of that specific kidney as albuminuria or and decreased rather than “abnormal” or “reduced” kidney should be used to describe alterations in kidney structure and function all measures, it is important to and of and their the 2012 CKD guideline Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work GroupKDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3: 1-150Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1596) Google Scholar of is to that of it be and is more in the but in albuminuria and it is important to describe the of for and and for and as as The terms and should not be used as it is important to the filtration and it is important to the filtration and and should be to of for and should be to such as and and the of filtration be by The albuminuria and in the 2012 CKD guideline be to with or CKD, but it is to be as to or not with albuminuria or and have that the of albuminuria or is but is on presence or absence of the The of the 2012 KDIGO guideline an alternative for J. et and of glomerular diseases a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2019; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar The 2012 and CKD KDIGO guidelines about of the definitions and classifications to Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work GroupKDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.Kidney Int Suppl. 2012; 2: 1-138Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (2007) Google Scholar,7Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work GroupKDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 3: 1-150Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1596) Google Scholar not to with CKD to or and for and in to in is use of terms to describe acute and chronic kidney disease and kidney disease Conference attendees with the goal of standardizing and refining the nomenclature used in English to describe kidney function and disease, and of developing a glossary that could be used by for of scientific reached general consensus on the recommendations and on a glossary that the recommendations to be and by journals.

Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.