A Pore-Scale Investigation of Solvent-Assisted Thermal Processes for Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery - Mass Transfer and Condensation Mixing
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Dispersion of a solvent into heavy oil and bitumen in porous media has special significance in the context of solvent-based as well as solvent-aided versions of SAGD and CSS recovery processes. While solvent is injected with steam, the mixture condensation temperature changes based on solvent partial pressure. In addition, water condensate creates a film which acts as a barrier and impacts solvent dissolution in oil. The solvent, which is not soluble or has very low solubility in water, may not be able to diffuse in the oleic phase due to the presence of the water film. The objective of the present study is to investigate the pore-scale solvent diffusion in oil for solvent-based and hybrid (steam + solvent) processes through the following steps: Developing a pore-scale simulator, capable of handling steam and solvent condensation as well as mass transfer in porous media. Investigating solvent dissolution in the oleic phase at the pore-level considering the asynchronous condensation of solvent and steam. Investigating the dissolution of solvent, either in gaseous phase or in the form of liquified thin bulk films of condensed solvent and water condensate, in the oleic phase. A pore-scale simulator was developed with the capability of modelling solvent mass transfer and condensation of both solvent and steam, along with a Navier-Stokes type solution for the velocity field. In addition, conjugate heat transfer was included in the model that takes into account the heat transfer from solvent and steam to the solid grains by considering the two media (i.e. solid and fluid) for the solution. A realistic description of a 2-dimensional porous medium is used for direct numerical simulation (DNS). The properties of a typical heavy oil and solvent were implemented in the model with diffusion coefficient as functions of both temperature and solvent concentration. After model setup, the newly added features of mass transfer and conjugate heat transfer were validated by comparison with analytical models. For mass transfer validation, the numerical results were in agreement with analytical solution for a capillary whereas the model performance for conjugate heat transfer were inline with the analytical solution proposed for heat flow over a slab. The pore-scale simulator was then used to model two-dimensional pore-scale experiments of solvent co-injection with steam. To reproduce the experimental results, the interface advancement velocity was calculated as an evidence of the chamber growth. The 2D numerical simulation results were in agreement with the experimental data. The condensation of solvent vapor and steam also changes fluid flow and flow pathways of solvent at the pore-scale which results in some complex fluid flow and behavior such as excessive unexpected channeling. The present study is the first of its kind which considers condensation of steam and solvent vapor at the pore scale. The model is used to investigate solvent vapor condensation in competition with steam at the pore-scale and to study the impact of solvent type and operating conditions such as pressure. The outcome of the present study improves our understanding of mass transfer in porous media for solvent- based and solvent-aided thermal recovery processes.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».