Synergistic Effect between Surfactant and Nanoparticles on the Stability of Methane Foam in EOR Processes
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The major challenge in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by gas injection is poor volumetric sweep efficiency, mainly due to the high gas mobility and reservoir heterogeneity. Injecting gas as a foam increases sweep efficiency, but maintaining foam stability within the reservoir remains a challenge. This research evaluates the synergistic interaction of one type of nanoparticle and a surfactant to increase foam stability, using the concentration ratio of the two components to tune the affinity of the nanoparticle for the gas/liquid interface. We test the capability of the synergistic two-component system to stabilize methane foam and compare it with foam stabilized by surfactants only. A key distinction is the foam stability upon contact with oil, and we explain the observations in static and dynamic conditions. Foam stability was measured both in static (foam height) and dynamic (flow through porous media) conditions. In the static test, foam is generated by the shaking method, and foam texture (bubble size and shape) and the decay of foam height with time are indicators of foam stability. To test static stability in presence of oil, heavy oil is injected into the foam-liquid interface. In dynamic test, foam is pre-generated before flowing at elevated pressures into sandpacks containing various oil saturations. Normalized pressure gradient, and apparent viscosity are the indicators of foam stability and effectiveness for improving oil recovery. The extent to which nanoparticles are covered with surfactant governs the foam stability both in static and dynamic conditions. Static foam is stable in the presence of oil only if the nanoparticles are partially covered by the surfactant. In the dynamic test, foam stabilized with the only surfactant collapses in the porous media when oil is present. Nanoparticles alone could not generate foam regardless of the presence of oil, but foam stabilized with nanoparticles partially covered by surfactant is stable in the presence of both residual and initial oil. In both static and dynamic conditions, nanoparticles completely covered with a bilayer of surfactant do not stabilize foam in the presence of oil. Partially covered nanoparticles foam also demonstrated salt tolerance in both static and dynamic test. Thus at appropriate surface coverage, the combination of nanoparticles and surfactant is more effective than either stabilizer alone. The result shows that surfactant and nanoparticles interaction is important in foam stability in the porous media with oil. In particular, this interaction is synergistic at certain coverage. This type of synergy can provide much more robust mobility control for EOR processes involving gas injection.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».