Sex‐dependent Liver Volume Recovery and Hemodynamics Measured by Non‐Invasive Ultrasound Imaging after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Initiation of liver regrowth after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is often linked to increased flow per unit tissue through the hepatic portal vein. Previous studies of liver hemodynamics have used surgical implants, however ultrasound‐based methods can non‐invasively measure blood flow, organ volume, and other physiological parameters. Male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats were pair‐fed liquid diet containing ethanol or carbohydrate per Lieber DeCarli protocol for 5–6 weeks prior to a 70% PHx in which left lateral and medial lobes were surgically removed. A VEVO 2100 (VisualSonics, Toronto, Canada) high‐frequency ultrasound system with a motorized‐step ultrasound transducer was utilized to calculate liver volume using a 3D mapping software. Shear‐wave elastography measured liver stiffness with an Aplio i800 ultrasound system (Canon Medical Systems, Tustin, CA, USA). Color and Spectral Doppler evaluated blood flow velocity in the portal vein (PV) and the main hepatic artery (HA) at their entry into the right lobe. Laser coupled photoacoustic imaging aided in quantification of oxygen saturation in the liver tissue. Liver regrowth as measured by liver volume was impaired in ethanol‐fed male rats as early as 48 hours after PHx, only recovering ~70% of initial volume by one week. In contrast, all other animals, including ethanol‐fed females, had recovered to ~100% of liver volume by one week post‐PHx. All animals showed increased PV and HA blood flow per liver volume immediately after PHx. Relative PV flow continued to increase by the 12‐hour time point, while relative HA flow had variable changes. Ethanol‐fed males had decreased ratio of PV/HA flow compared to all other animals prior to PHx. In the first 24 hours after PHx, relative HA flow decreased or remained stable for most groups, but increased for ethanol‐fed females. Liver stiffness increased immediately after PHx and again by 10 hours after PHx for all groups, though never reaching values that would suggest fibrosis. Stiffness remained elevated for at least 96 hours for all groups, and resolved by one week post‐PHx. Photoacoustic imaging showed liver tissue oxygen saturation fluctuating between 50–60% for all animals, with no discernable patterns. Ethanol‐fed male rats had an impaired liver volume recovery response after PHx, however this ethanol‐mediated impairment was not seen in females. Interestingly, ethanol‐fed males were the only group to have a decreased PV/HA flow ratio prior to PHx, while ethanol‐fed females were unique in their prolonged increase in HA flow at 10 hours post‐PHx. Taken together, these results implicate increased HA flow as a compensatory mechanism in chronic ethanol‐fed rats. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH NIAAA R01 AA018873, T32 AA007463 and NIBIB U01 EB023224.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».