Can regular physical activity prevent obesity? 3: Empirical longitudinal evidence of its efficacy.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Objective. The objective of this narrative review is to examine longitudinal data pointing to the efficacy of adequate daily physical activity in the prevention of obesity. Methods. Information obtained from Ovid/Medline, Pub-Med and Google Scholar through to April 2019 has been supplemented by a search of the author's extensive personal files. Results. Babies that have a high level of spontaneous physical activity generally accumulate less body fat then their peers over the first few years of life. However, there is little evidence of a favourable response to supplementary exercise programmes in pre-school children, perhaps because of practical difficulties in augmenting habitual physical activity in this age group. Summer "obesity camps" for older children usually induce a substantial immediate decrease of both body mass and tissue fat stores, but it is unclear how far this reflects dietary restrictions at the camp rather than an increase of physical activity in this environment. Five of 8 uncontrolled longitudinal studies of children and adolescents with subjective assessments of habitual physical activity found no beneficial changes of body composition in individuals who were physically more active, as opposed to 3 positive reports (one of these seeing benefits in girls only). However, perhaps because more accurate categorization of exercise levels was possible, benefit was demonstrated in 8 of 10 trials of children with objective assessments of habitual physical activity. Fifteen of 26 trials of children and adolescents with group programme assignment also found a better body composition in those assigned to groups that were more physically active, although participants in 9 of thes 15 trials were given not only an increase of physical activity, but also dietary advice and/or a restriction of food intake. Cohort studies in adults have found fairly consistently that regular physical activity reduces obesity or prevents the increase of body fat content usually associated with aging; benefit was seen in 14 of 17 studies of young adults, and 20 of 21 groups of middle-aged and older individuals. The portion of the day allocated to sedentary behaviour has also been associated with the development of obesity in 4 of 6 studies in children, and 10 of 13 trials in adults. Likewise, the transition from physically active hunting and gathering to an "urban" lifestyle has been associated with an accumulation of body fat in arctic Inuit. In children, randomized controlled trials have shown beneficial changes in body composition from interventions only when the intervention has been effective in achieving a substantial increase of daily physical activity. However 27 of 31 controlled studies of adults have demonstrated a reduction of body fat content in response to a variety of exercise initiatives. It is more difficult to assign a vigorous exercise programme to the frail elderly, and in this age group there has as yet been little study of the potential to reduce body fat by an increase in physical activity, although this would confer obvious functional benefit on those with limited muscle strength. Conclusions. Both in children and in adults, the bulk of prospective and controlled trials point to the efficacy of adequate volumes of regular exercise in both the prevention and the control of obesity. But as with initiatives based on rigorous dieting, the challenge to health professionals is to sustain the enthusiasm of clients over a sufficient period for a programme to take effect and to become a part of the individual's normal lifestyle.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».