Voltammetric Detection of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers By Modified Graphite Paste Electrode with Prussian Blue-Nanosized Polyaniline Hybrid
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The dihydroxybenzene isomers (DHB); catechol (1, 2-dihydroxybenzene, CC), resorcinol (1, 3-dihydroxybenzene, RC) and hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene, HQ) are well-known organic pollutants and are widely distributed in the environment. DHB isomers are frequently used as starting materials and industrial reagents in various industries for production of plastic, tanning, pharmaceuticals, paint, paper, cosmetics and rubber. 1–4 Furthermore, these isomers are also found as important side products from the industrial effluents of photo-processing companies, oil refineries, coal-tar, steel, paper and pulp mills in concentrations ranging between 1 to 1000 ppm. 4,5 Due to their toxicity and the health risks associated with their use, national environmental agencies from United States and European Union have categorized them as primary wastewater pollutants. 6 In addition, Health Canada has also listed them under the List of Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetic Ingredients (Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist). 7 As an electroactive polymer, polyaniline (PANI) is known to have good environmental stability, conductivity and redox properties. It has also been recently used in electrochemical biosensors due to the ease of synthesis, cheap cost and simple doping mechanisms. Prussian blue (PB) is another redox substance which also possesses good conductivity and unique electrocatalytic characteristics. In this study, modified graphite paste electrode (GPE) with PB doped nanosized-PANI hybrid (PB@n-PANI/GPE) was used for simultaneous detection of DHB isomers using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Prussian blue doped nanosized-polyaniline (PB@n-PANI) was synthesized in two-steps, firstly, aniline and ferric (III) chloride salt reacted through in situ mechano-chemical reactions to produce nanosized-PANI polymer. Secondly, potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) solution was added to the product of step one and the polymer was doped by PB in a solid-state and template-free technique to generate PB@n-PANI. The synthesized hybrid was then characterized by different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The PB@n-PANI modified GPE exhibited three well-separated oxidation peaks at potentials 0.24, 0.36 and 0.74 V for HQ, CC and RC, respectively (Fig. 1). The analytical performance of the PB@n-PANI/GPE has been studied for simultaneous determination of HQ, CC and RS in different real sample matrices with satisfactory recoveries. Furthermore, different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry have been used to perform electrochemical surface characterization of the modified GPE. The results from CV and ESI were used to evaluate the charge transfer properties of the PB@n-PANI/GPE and the results from chronoamperometric studies were used to calculate the diffusion coefficients of the DHB isomers. In addition, active surface area of the modified GPE and the standard heterogenous rate constant for the DHB isomers have also been calculated. Overall, we have demonstrated that the presence of PB and n-PANI enhances the redox-active surface area and plays a synergistic role in improving the electrocatalytic activity of the PB@n-PANI/GPE. Therefore, PB@n-PANI/GPE is a promising analytical platform for simultaneous detection of DHB isomers. References 1. C. Terashima, T. N. Rao, B. V. Sarada, D. A. Tryk, and A. Fujishima, Anal. Chem. , 74 , 895–902 (2002). 2. W. Xiao and D. Xiao, Talanta , 72 , 1288–1292 (2007). 3. J. Yu, W. Du, F. Zhao, and B. Zeng, Electrochim. Acta , 54 , 984–988 (2009). 4. B. Nasr, G. Abdellatif, P. Cañizares, C. Sáez, J. Lobato, and M. A. Rodrigo, Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 , 7234–7239 (2005). 5. W. Phutdhawong, S. Chowwanapoonpohn, and D. Buddhasukh, Anal. Sci. , 16 , 1083–1084 (2000). 6. T. Xie, Q. Liu, Y. Shi, and Q. Liu, J. Chromatogr. A , 1109 , 317–321 (2006). 7. Health Canada, (2018) https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredient-hotlist-prohibited-restricted-ingredients/hotlist.html. Figure 1
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».